斯里兰卡尼瓦拉河流域的森林溪流原生缸造景 22年42名

Volume of aquarium: 156 L
水族箱容积：156 升

Dimensions of aquarium: 100x39x40 cm
水族箱尺寸：100x39x40 厘米

List of fishes: Pethia nigrofasciata, Puntius titteya
鱼类名录：Pethia nigrofasciata、Puntius titteya

List of plants: Cryptocoryne wendtii, Nymphaea sp.; Cryptocoryne balansae, Cryptocoryne retrospiralis, Microsorum pteropus, Vesicularia dubyana, Ficus pumila
植物名录：Cryptocoryne wendtii、Nymphaea sp.；Cryptocoryne balansae、Cryptocoryne retrospiralis、Microsorum pteropus、Vesicularia dubyana、Ficus pumila

Description of Decorations and Substrate: DECOTOP Atoyac – Natural pure yellow sand, 0.1-0.5 mm, Gray-brown stone DECOTOP Olympus, driftwood DECOTOP Sumatra
装饰与底砂描述：DECOTOP Atoyac——天然纯黄沙，粒径 0.1-0.5 毫米；灰褐色 DECOTOP Olympus 石材；DECOTOP Sumatra 沉木

Description of Equipment: external filter JBL CristalProfi greenline e901, lamp Solarcolor T5 45 w, Solarnatur T5 45w, heater Tetratec NT 100, 100 w
设备描述：JBL CristalProfi greenline e901 外置过滤器；Solarcolor T5 45 瓦灯具；Solarnatur T5 45 瓦灯具；Tetratec NT 100 加热棒，功率 100 瓦

Water Parameters: pH 6.8, dH 6°; the temperature is 24°C
水质参数：pH 6.8，dH 6°；水温 24°C

Additional Info: Ficus pumila was used as an imitation of above-water vegetation, whose branches descend into the water. The plant was laid on the screed of the aquarium, the roots were wrapped in a sintepon, which was moistened from time to time. Pretty soon the branches of the plant sank into the water and gave underwater roots. The leaves on the shoots that are under water gradually die off. However, this does not prevent the plant from feeling good and working as a phytofilter – the nitrate level in the aquarium never exceeds 20 mg/l.To ensure that the other plants in the aquarium do not suffer from a lack of nutrients, fertilizers in tablets are regularly used, and liquid fertilizers are used for ferns and mosses.
补充信息：选用薜荔（Ficus pumila）模拟水上植被，其枝条垂入水中。该植物铺设于水族箱底床上，根部包裹合成纤维棉并定期润湿。不久后，植株枝条沉入水中并长出水下根系。水下枝条上的叶片会逐渐枯萎脱落，但这并不影响植株健康生长，且其作为植物过滤器效果显著——水族箱内硝酸盐浓度从未超过 20 毫克/升。为确保箱内其他植物不因养分缺乏而受损，定期施用片状肥料，并对蕨类与苔藓使用液态肥料。

Description of the Area Surrounding the Biotope: Nalivala is one of the rivers of Sri Lanka, it begins in the Sinharaja Biosphere Reserve and flows into the sea near the large city of Matara on the southern coast of the Southern Province, 160 km away. from Colombo. The length of the river is 72 km, its drainage basin is 922 km2. Sinharaja Forest Reserve is a national park of Sri Lanka, in 1978 it was recognized as a World Biosphere Reserve, and in 1988 – a UNESCO World Heritage Site. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Sinharaja is the last viable rainforest area of the country. More than 60 percent of the tree species there are endemic.
生物群落周边环境描述：纳利瓦拉河是斯里兰卡的河流之一，发源于辛哈拉加生物圈保护区，向南流经 160 公里后，在南部省南海岸的马塔拉大城市附近注入海洋。该河全长 72 公里，流域面积达 922 平方公里。辛哈拉加森林保护区是斯里兰卡的国家公园，于 1978 年被认定为世界生物圈保护区，并于 1988 年列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。根据国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）的资料，辛哈拉加是该国仅存的具有生态活力的热带雨林区域。该地区超过 60% 的树种为特有物种。

Description of the Underwater Landscape of the Biotope: The aquarium presents a coastal section of a slowly flowing stream. The light sand is sometimes covered with a layer of silt, driftwood and leaves are found in the water, branches of shrubs growing along the banks of the stream sink into the water and form a shading zone near the shore. Pythia nigrofasciata and Puntius titteya like to stay in such places, they spawn there, among the thickets of aquatic vegetation
生物群落水底景观描述：水族箱再现了一条流速缓慢溪流的近岸河段。浅色沙底时而覆盖着一层淤泥，水中可见沉木与落叶；沿溪岸生长的灌木枝条伸入水中，在近岸处形成遮荫区域。黑带扁蜷（Pythia nigrofasciata）和樱桃灯鱼（Puntius titteya）偏好栖息于此类环境，并在水生植物茂密丛中产卵。

Description of the Habitat Parameters: Water in the forest river is transparent, pH = 5.3 – 6, TDS = 10, temperature 23-24
栖息地参数描述：森林河流中的水体透明，pH 值为 5.3–6，TDS 为 10，温度为 23–24℃

List of Fishes and Invertebrates Occurring in the Nature Biotope: Puntius nigrofasciatus, Puntius sinhala, Barbus vittatus, Puntius bimaculatus, Rasbora wilpita, Etroplus maculatus, Channa orientalis, Devario malabaricus, Garra ceylonensis, Puntius dorsalis, Puntius pleurotaenia, Aplocheilus dayi werneri, Etroplus maculatus, Etroplus suratensis, Mystus ankutta, Mystus cavasius, Poecilia reticulata
自然生境中出现的鱼类和无脊椎动物名录：Puntius nigrofasciatus、Puntius sinhala、Barbus vittatus、Puntius bimaculatus、Rasbora wilpita、Etroplus maculatus、Channa orientalis、Devario malabaricus、Garra ceylonensis、Puntius dorsalis、Puntius pleurotaenia、Aplocheilus dayi werneri、Etroplus maculatus、Etroplus suratensis、Mystus ankutta、Mystus cavasius、Poecilia reticulata

List of Plants Found in the Nature Biotope: Eichhornia crassipes, Ludwigia adscendens, Salvinia molesta, Pistia stratiotes, Marsilea quadrifolia, Lagenandra thwaitesii, Cryptocoryne wendtii, Lasia spinosa
自然生境中发现的植物名录：Eichhornia crassipes、Ludwigia adscendens、Salvinia molesta、Pistia stratiotes、Marsilea quadrifolia、Lagenandra thwaitesii、Cryptocoryne wendtii、Lasia spinosa

Threats to the Ecology of the Biotope: Human activity in Sri Lanka, as elsewhere in the world, damages the habitats of many species. The Sinharaja Nature Reserve is a protected place, but the rivers flowing there are also exposed to civilization outside the reserve. The situation is worse in other regions. For example, Cryptocoryne parva is endemic to the Mahaveli River, and due to anthropogenic factors, its existence on our planet has been under threat for several decades. The construction of dams on the Mahaweli Ganga River leads to the flooding of huge areas of coastal forests and their extinction, and blasting during the construction of dams leads to mass death of fish. Many species living in the reservoirs of Sri Lanka are endemic and need protection.
该生物群落生态面临的威胁：与世界其他地方一样，斯里兰卡的人类活动破坏了许多物种的栖息地。辛哈拉加自然保护区虽为受保护区域，但流经该地的河流仍受到保护区外人类文明的影响。其他地区的状况更为严峻。例如，小水榕（Cryptocoryne parva）是马哈威利河的特有种，由于人为因素，其生存数十年来一直受到威胁。在马哈威利河上修建水坝导致大片沿海森林被淹没并灭绝，而建坝过程中的爆破作业则造成鱼类大量死亡。斯里兰卡水域中生活的许多物种均为特有种，亟需保护。