哥伦比亚卡尼奥萨迪尼亚黑水流域原生缸造景 19年48名

Volume: 160 L  容积：160 升
Dimensions: 100x40x40 cm  尺寸：100×40×40 厘米
List of fishes: My aquarium is inhabited by Apistogramma Iniridae 6 small fish that are children of the previous cast with 7 Nannostomus Trifasciatus
鱼类列表：我的水族箱中饲养了 6 条上一批繁殖的阿氏短鲷（Apistogramma iniridae）幼鱼，以及 7 条三线铅笔鱼（Nannostomus trifasciatus）。

List of plants: Pistia stratiotes
植物列表：大薸（Pistia stratiotes）
Description of decorations: The substrate in the aquarium is a fine river sand, leaves, roots and algae that feed on the rest of the composition. I added Pistia stratiotes to the surface of the water. The root system gives the fish the ability to divide territories in such a way that the fish do not cause unnecessary conflicts between themselves.
装饰描述：水族箱底床采用细河沙，并配有落叶、沉木以及藻类，它们共同构成了整体景观的其余部分。我在水面添加了大薸（Pistia stratiotes）。其发达的根系使鱼类能够划分领地，从而避免彼此之间产生不必要的冲突。

Description of equipment: Filtration: Aquael unimax 250 is bilogical filtration, mechanical filtration Aquael fan3, heater Eheim 150W. Filters are hidden on one side of the aquarium so that the water coming out of the filter flows around the aquarium. Water is aerated through the gentle movement of the water tract. Lighting consists of two T8 fluorescent lamps with the color of 6500K and 8000K.
设备描述：过滤系统包括 Aquael Unimax 250（生物过滤）和 Aquael Fan3（机械过滤），加热棒为 Eheim 150W。过滤器隐藏在水族箱的一侧，使滤出的水流沿水族箱循环。水体通过水流的轻柔运动实现增氧。照明由两盏色温分别为 6500K 和 8000K 的 T8 荧光灯组成。
Water parameters: pH 5,5 , gH 0, kH 0, NOᴣ near zero, conductivity 18 ppm, temperature 28°C. The water is filtered through the RO filter and additionally passed through DIY peat filter, thereby lowering the pH and giving the color of tea water.
水质参数：pH 5.5，gH 0，kH 0，NO₃接近零，电导率 18 ppm，温度 28°C。水源经 RO 反渗透过滤器处理，并额外通过自制的泥炭过滤器，从而降低 pH 值并赋予水体茶色。
Additional info: The aquarium is a continuation of “The fabulous world of Caño Sardiña, Blackwater, Columbia” from the 2017 contest. The nurses from that arrangement had already been over two years and their time of reign in the reservoir ended up leaving only one female Apistogramma Iniridae, and her cubs.
补充信息：本水族箱是 2017 年参赛作品“哥伦比亚黑水河卡尼奥萨迪尼亚的奇妙世界”的延续。原布景中的亲鱼已饲养超过两年，它们在水体中的统治期结束后，仅留下一只雌性阿氏短鲷（Apistogramma iniridae）及其幼鱼。

NFORMATION ABOUT BIOTOPE
关于生物群落的信息

Description of the area surrounding the biotope: Caño Sardiña is a small creek of the right tributary of the upper Caño Bocón, which flows into Rio Inirida in Colombia. Surrounding Caño Sardiña is densely planted with trees. Branches of trees hang down just above the water or even dive into the water. The absence of protozoa, larvae of insects and other aquatic organisms does not mean that fish do not have food. Fallen leaves, fruits and seeds, flying insects and other, smaller fish are excellent sources of food. Because there are usually huge water level fluctuations, between the wet and dry seasons in black waters, parts oftrees that some fish serve as karma are flooded. The most difficult period for fish is dry season. In the flowing waters the sandy bottom is discovered, and the leaves are washed away. Missing places to hide. Water is falling off the leaves and fruits. Fish adapted to these conditions in different ways. For almost all typical behavior, spawning is approached immediately after the onset ofa rainy season that feeds the offspring. January is the least rainfall. The average this month is 59 mm. Most rainy in June, an average of 432 mm. In February, theaverage temperature is 28.2 ° C. In June, the average temperature is 26.2 ° C. This is the lowest average temperature of the whole year.
生境周边区域描述：卡尼奥萨尔迪尼亚（Caño Sardiña）是哥伦比亚境内注入伊尼里达河（Rio Inirida）的上游卡尼奥博孔河（Caño Bocón）右侧支流的一条小溪。卡尼奥萨尔迪尼亚四周树木茂密，树枝低垂至水面之上，甚至伸入水中。虽然缺乏原生动物、昆虫幼虫及其他水生生物，但这并不意味着鱼类没有食物来源。落叶、果实与种子、飞虫以及其他小型鱼类都是优质的食物资源。由于黑水水域在雨季与旱季之间通常存在巨大的水位波动，部分被某些鱼类用作庇护所的树干会被淹没。对鱼类而言最艰难的时期是旱季：在流动的水体中，沙质河床裸露，落叶被冲走，藏身之处消失殆尽，树叶和果实也随之减少。鱼类以不同方式适应了这些环境条件。就几乎所有典型行为而言，产卵往往紧随雨季来临而立即进行，以便滋养后代。一月降雨量最少，月均仅为 59 毫米；六月降雨最为充沛，月均达 432 毫米。 二月的平均气温为 28.2 °C。六月的平均气温为 26.2 °C，这是全年最低的平均气温。

Description of the underwater landscape of the biotope: Caño Sardiña is a blackwater water system for black southern america waters. In black water we do not find almost any aquatic plants that need light even though the water is clear, because of its color, some light spectrum ranges do not reach greater depths and which do not tolerate such acidic environment. The color and chemical composition of the water is due to the lack of rinsing mineral substances and the accumulation of huge amounts of organic matter in the water. These are mainly leaves and fruits falling from the trees and rinsed during the rainy season. Branches of trees and their roots come out of the shores and are submerged in water. They rot and give off tannins and humic acids – substances that acidify and brownize the water. The bottom of the water reservoir is usually sandy, but covered with a thick 20-30 cm layer of rotting plant particles. There is plenty of decayed wood in the water. We will not find any rocks or stones here. In black waters, it is difficult to survive any organisms, including fish. These, however, found ways to efficiently eat, they also used the sterility of water. The absence of protozoa significantly reduces the possibility of various diseases. Roots and rotten leaves provide excellent hiding places against predators. Some fish live even in the rotten part of plants covering the bottom of reservoirs.
生物群落的水下景观描述：卡尼奥萨迪尼亚（Caño Sardiña）是南美洲南部黑水水域中的一处黑水水系。在黑水中，尽管水质清澈，却几乎找不到任何需要光照的水生植物，这是因为其水色导致部分光谱无法穿透至较深水层，且这些植物无法耐受如此酸性的环境。水的颜色与化学成分源于矿物质淋溶不足以及水中大量有机物的积累。这些有机物主要是雨季期间从树上掉落并被雨水冲刷入水的树叶和果实。树木的枝干及其根系从岸边伸出并浸入水中，腐烂后释放出单宁和腐殖酸——这些物质使水体酸化并呈现褐色。水体底部通常为沙质，但覆盖着一层厚达 20 至 30 厘米的腐烂植物碎屑。水中存在大量腐朽木材，而此处找不到任何岩石或石块。在黑水环境中，包括鱼类在内的任何生物都难以生存；然而，它们已演化出高效的摄食方式，并利用了近乎无菌的水体条件。 缺乏原生动物显著降低了各种疾病发生的可能性。树根和腐烂的叶片为鱼类提供了极佳的藏身之处，以躲避捕食者。有些鱼类甚至栖息在水库底部被植物腐烂部分覆盖的区域。

Description of the parameters of the habitat: Black South American waters have tea color, are very clear – visibility up to 3 meters, very acidic to moderate – pH between 3.5 and 6 is changing between the rainy season and dry, in Caño Sardinia in February recorded a pH of 4.8, and extremely soft – conductivity 19 μs/cm. The chemical content is traceable. You can say that they are almost sterile.
栖息地参数描述：南美洲的黑水呈茶色，极为清澈——能见度可达 3 米；酸碱度从强酸性到中等酸性不等，雨季与旱季之间 pH 值在 3.5 至 6 之间波动，例如在二月的卡尼奥萨迪尼亚（Caño Sardiña）记录到的 pH 值为 4.8；水质极软，电导率仅为 19 μs/cm。其化学成分含量极低，几乎可以说是无菌环境。

List of fishes and invertebrates occurring in the nature biotope: In black waters we find various fish bred in aquariums. There are both: very small and very large species. Most of them belong to two families: tetras and cichlids. Black water fish are usually small, very colorful species of herds. Examples are Paracheirodon or Nannostomus. The most common inhabitate are small streams. It is believed that the vivid colors of black-spotter fish help them recognize other individuals of their species. Fish and organisms occurring in Caño Sardiña: Poecilocharax weitzmani, Crenuchus spilurus, Elachocharax, two other species Carnegiella : C. strigata and C. marthae, Iguanodectes, Nannostomus trifasciatus, Cardinal tetras, Paracheirodon axelrodi, Crenicichla, Apistogramma Iniridae, catfishes, small species Farlowella and also a very beautiful shrimps.
自然生境中出现的鱼类和无脊椎动物名录：在黑水中，我们发现多种在水族箱中繁殖的鱼类。其中既有体型极小的物种，也有体型极大的物种。它们大多属于两个科：脂鲤科和慈鲷科。黑水鱼类通常是群居的小型、色彩鲜艳的物种，例如霓虹脂鲤属（Paracheirodon）或铅笔鱼属（Nannostomus）。它们最常见的栖息地是小溪流。人们认为，黑水鱼类鲜艳的色彩有助于它们识别同种的其他个体。出现在卡尼奥萨尔迪尼亚（Caño Sardiña）的鱼类和生物包括：魏氏拟唇齿鱼（Poecilocharax weitzmani）、斑鳍小丽鱼（Crenuchus spilurus）、埃拉乔脂鲤属（Elachocharax）、两种斧头鱼属（Carnegiella）物种——条纹斧头鱼（C. strigata）和玛莎斧头鱼（C. marthae）、伊瓜诺脂鲤属（Iguanodectes）、三线铅笔鱼（Nannostomus trifasciatus）、宝莲灯鱼、阿氏霓虹脂鲤（Paracheirodon axelrodi）、矛丽鱼属（Crenicichla）、伊尼达短鲷（Apistogramma iniridae）、鲶鱼、小型远藤鲶属（Farlowella）物种，以及一种非常美丽的虾。

List of plants found in the nature biotope: Pistia stratiotes
自然生境中发现的植物名录：大薸（Pistia stratiotes）
Threats to the ecology: Threats for this biotope are a mass section of the forest, and gold mines on rivers of the Amazon.
对生态的威胁：对该生境的威胁包括大规模森林砍伐以及亚马逊河流上的金矿开采。