墨西哥哈阿梅卡河浅滩原生缸造景19年49名

Volume: 120 L  水体容积：120 升
Dimensions: 92х36х37 cm  尺寸：92×36×37 厘米
List of fishes: Ameca splendens, Xiphophorus hellerii
鱼类名录：阿梅卡鳉（Ameca splendens）、剑尾鱼（Xiphophorus hellerii）
List of plants: Ceratophyllum demersum, Fissidens fontanus, Eichhornia crassipes, Spirogyra sp.
植物名录：金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum demersum）、喷泉小羽藓（Fissidens fontanus）、凤眼莲（Eichhornia crassipes）、水绵属（Spirogyra sp.）

Description of decorations: Alder roots (Alnus spp.) are common in Mexico along the rivers. The roots and branches often create shelters in the coastal zone of shallow water for various inhabitants. At the bottom you can see alder cones falling from the trees, as well as fig leaves (Ficus carica). The bottom is covered with white quartz sand (0.5-1 mm), just like in the photo of travelers who were on the banks of the Ameka River. Closer to the shore, the sand is carried away by the current and exposes river pebbles of various fractions.
装饰描述：桤木根（Alnus spp.）在墨西哥的河流沿岸十分常见。这些根系和枝条常在浅水沿海区域为各种生物提供庇护所。底部可见从树上掉落的桤木球果，以及无花果叶（Ficus carica）。底床铺有白色石英砂（粒径 0.5–1 毫米），正如曾在阿梅卡河（Ameca River）河岸拍摄的旅行者照片中所见。靠近岸边处，沙子被水流冲走，露出不同粒径的河卵石。
Description of equipment: External filter Tetra ex600 plus 600 l/h, internal filter AQUAEL FAN-2 plus 450 l/h (the role of a flow pump), LED spotlight 30 W 6500K.
设备描述：外置过滤器 Tetra ex600 plus（流量 600 升/小时）、内置过滤器 AQUAEL FAN-2 plus（流量 450 升/小时，用作造流泵）、LED 射灯 30 瓦 6500K。
Water parameters: Temperature 26°C, pH 7.0, KH 6, GH 22, NO2 nitrites 0 mg/L, NO3 nitrates 10 mg/L, ammonium NH4 0 mg/L.
水质参数：温度 26°C，pH 7.0，KH 6，GH 22，亚硝酸盐（NO₂）0 mg/L，硝酸盐（NO₃）10 mg/L，铵（NH₄）0 mg/L。

Additional info: Weekly water changes of 30% of the volume.
补充信息：每周更换 30% 的水量。

INFORMATION ABOUT BIOTOPE
关于生物群落的信息

Description of the area surrounding the biotope: Ameca is a small coastal river in Mexico from the Pacific Ocean, which flows through the state of Jalisco and flows into the Gulf of Banderas. In her last section, it forms the border between the states of Nayarit and Jalisco. It is 230 km long and occupies a basin of 12,214 km². It originates only 23 km west of the city of Guadalajara and runs west. The river got its name from the city of Ameka, which it crosses. Among its main tributaries are the Auacatlan and Amatlan de Cañas rivers. Ameka was dammed north of the city of La Vega, forming a reservoir, Lake La Vega, which extends north to the city of Teuchitlan. The course of the river changes from medium to strong, depending on the nature of the area. In some places there are backwaters. The banks are mostly densely covered with low vegetation (Acmella repens) and deciduous trees: Alnus spp., Ficus carica, Ilex spp., Corylus spp., Viburnum spp. Their roots sink into the water, forming an underwater jungle overgrown with green algae in bright sunlight. Such places were previously natural biotopes of Ameca splendens until the species disappeared as a result of active human activity in the region, where other representatives of the aquatic fauna are also at risk.
生物群落周边区域描述：阿梅卡河是墨西哥一条注入太平洋的小型沿海河流，流经哈利斯科州，最终汇入班德拉斯湾。在其下游河段，该河构成纳亚里特州与哈利斯科州之间的边界。全长 230 公里，流域面积达 12,214 平方公里。其源头位于瓜达拉哈拉市以西仅 23 公里处，向西流淌。该河因穿越阿梅卡市而得名。其主要支流包括奥瓦卡特兰河和阿马特兰德卡尼亚斯河。在拉维加市以北，阿梅卡河被筑坝拦截，形成拉维加湖水库，该水库向北延伸至特乌奇特兰市。河道流速随地形变化而由中等转为湍急，部分河段存在回水区。河岸大多密布低矮植被（匍匐金盏花）及落叶乔木，如桤木属（Alnus spp.）、无花果（Ficus carica）、冬青属（Ilex spp.）、榛属（Corylus spp.）和荚蒾属（Viburnum spp.）。这些树木的根系深入水中，在明亮阳光照射下，形成覆盖着绿藻的水下丛林。 这些地方曾是阿迈卡鳉的自然栖息地，直到该物种因该地区人类活动加剧而消失，其他水生动物代表也面临风险。

Description of the underwater landscape of the biotope: Ameca splendens are able to live in muddy streams with silt, sand and gravel, but they prefer clean warm areas where the current is moderate. Here, among the driftwood from the coastal trees, near dense thickets of underwater flora (Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton sp., Fissidens fontanus) and under the cover of Eichhornia crassipes, the Ameks found their food – diatoms and filamentous algae (mainly Ulotrichales, Zygnemonialesles and Oedogoniales) which most affect tree roots, roughness of boulders and pebbles, developing with the flow of their threads. The diet of Ameca splendens also included mosquito larvae, copepods and oligochaetes, as well as small insects and spiders falling on the surface of the water. Among the boulders, snag, and thickets, Ameca flocks shared their territories with Xiphophorus hellerii, Goodea atripinnis, Poecilia mexicana, Pseudoxiphophorus bimaculatus, and Oreochromis aureus. The bottom of the channel is covered with fine light sand with accumulations of silt in the backwaters. Closer to the shores, the sand recedes and exposes pebbles and boulders in shallow water.
生物群落的水下景观描述：阿梅卡鳉（Ameca splendens）能够生活在含有淤泥、沙子和砾石的浑浊溪流中，但它们更偏好水流适中、水质清澈且温暖的区域。在此环境中，漂流木来自沿海树木，周围环绕着茂密的水生植物丛（如金鱼藻、眼子菜属物种和喷泉藓），并在水葫芦（Eichhornia crassipes）的遮蔽下，阿梅卡鳉找到了它们的食物——硅藻和丝状藻类（主要为管枝藻目、双星藻目和刚毛藻目），这些藻类主要附着于树根、巨石表面及鹅卵石上，并随水流形成丝状结构。阿梅卡鳉的食性还包括蚊幼虫、桡足类和寡毛类，以及落入水面的小型昆虫和蜘蛛。在巨石、沉木和植物丛之间，阿梅卡鳉群与剑尾鱼（Xiphophorus hellerii）、黑鳍古德鱼（Goodea atripinnis）、墨西哥花鳉（Poecilia mexicana）、双斑伪剑尾鱼（Pseudoxiphophorus bimaculatus）和金奥利亚罗非鱼（Oreochromis aureus）共享栖息地。河道底部覆盖着细腻的浅色沙子，并在回水区积聚淤泥；靠近岸边处，沙层逐渐变薄，浅水中露出鹅卵石和巨石。

Description of the parameters of the habitat: Water, basically, is pure, in the rain there is turbidity from the flow of dirt from the coast. Temperature 25-27°C, pH 6.6-7.9, KH 19-30, nitrites NO2 0-0.002 mg/L, nitrates NO3 0.2-1 mg/L, ammonium NH4 0-0.08 mg/l
栖息地参数描述：水质基本纯净，雨季时因沿岸泥沙流入而出现浑浊。水温 25-27°C，pH 6.6-7.9，KH 19-30，亚硝酸盐 NO2 0-0.002 mg/L，硝酸盐 NO3 0.2-1 mg/L，铵盐 NH4 0-0.08 mg/L。

List of fishes and invertebrates occurring in the nature biotope: Ameca splendens, Xiphophorus hellerii, Goodea atripinnis, Poecilia mexicana, Pseudoxiphophorus bimaculatus, Oreochromis aureus, Zoogoneticus purhepechus, Zoogoneticus tequila, Notropis amecae, Ictalurus dugesii.
自然生境中出现的鱼类和无脊椎动物名录：阿梅卡鳉（Ameca splendens）、剑尾鱼（Xiphophorus hellerii）、黑鳍古德鱼（Goodea atripinnis）、墨西哥花鳉（Poecilia mexicana）、双斑伪剑尾鱼（Pseudoxiphophorus bimaculatus）、奥利亚罗非鱼（Oreochromis aureus）、普雷佩查动物园鳉（Zoogoneticus purhepechus）、特基拉动物园鳉（Zoogoneticus tequila）、阿梅卡闪光鱼（Notropis amecae）、杜氏鲶（Ictalurus dugesii）。

List of plants found in the nature biotope: Ceratophyllum demersum, Fissidens fontanus, Eichhornia crassipes, Potamogeton sp., Pistia stratiotes, Spirogyra sp., Ulotrichales sp., Zygnematales.
自然生境中发现的植物名录：金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum demersum）、喷泉小羽藓（Fissidens fontanus）、凤眼莲（Eichhornia crassipes）、眼子菜属（Potamogeton sp.）、大薸（Pistia stratiotes）、水绵属（Spirogyra sp.）、丝藻目（Ulotrichales sp.）、接合藻目（Zygnematales）。

Threats to the ecology: Ameca splendens is the central species of ichthyofauna presented in this biotope aquarium. And the fact is that this species officially has the status of extinct in the wild. In recent years, there is not a single confirmed fact of the discovery of Ameca in its natural habitat. This once again shows human irresponsibility in the use of natural resources. The transformation of the Ameca River into a canal for the discharge of household waste, garbage, livestock grazing from farms, and the creation of artificial dams led to a similar disaster in many small reservoirs in Mexico. Endemic to these biotopes are endangered like Ameca splendens. Fortunately, the world community of aquarists stored Ameca in aquaria. This biotope aquarium has already been inhabited by 2 of their generations, which were bred and grown on their own. We are actively promoting this species with a view to its wider distribution in home aquariums. The achievement of this goal is the creation of a biotope aquarium of the Ameca River section, which shows the beauty of extinct fish in its natural habitat and supports its population at least at home!
生态面临的威胁：阿梅卡鳉（Ameca splendens）是本生物缸中所展示鱼类区系的核心物种。事实上，该物种已被正式列为野外灭绝。近年来，尚未有任何在其自然栖息地发现阿梅卡鳉的确凿记录。这再次凸显了人类在利用自然资源时的不负责任。阿梅卡河被改造为排放生活污水、垃圾以及农场牲畜放牧的渠道，加之人工水坝的修建，导致墨西哥众多小型水体遭遇了类似的生态灾难。这些生境中的特有物种，如阿梅卡鳉，正面临濒危。幸运的是，全球水族爱好者社群在水族箱中保存了阿梅卡鳉。本生物缸已成功繁衍并饲养了两代个体，均为自主繁殖与培育。我们正积极推广该物种，以期其在家庭水族箱中得到更广泛的分布。实现这一目标的关键，在于打造一座还原阿梅卡河某段生境的生物缸，既展现这种已野外灭绝鱼类在原生环境中的美丽，也至少在家养条件下维系其种群延续！