巴西塔帕若斯河畔棕榈树下原生缸造景 19年91名

Volume: 96 L  容积：96 升
Dimensions: 40x40x60 cm  尺寸：40×40×60 厘米
List of fishes: Nannostomus rubrocaudatus, Hemigrammus bellottii, Dicrossus maculatus
鱼类名录：红尾铅笔鱼（Nannostomus rubrocaudatus）、贝氏半线脂鲤（Hemigrammus bellottii）、斑点棋盘短鲷（Dicrossus maculatus）
List of plants: Eleocharis parvula, Eleocharis montevidensis

植物列表：小荸荠、蒙特维多荸荠
Description of decorations: In order to completely restore the original water quality environment of tapajos, I laid some water grass mud on the back of the bed. The sand and water grass mud in the first half are separated by wooden sticks A large number of palm leaves and a small amount of Terminalia leaves form the main environment, providing a large amount of shelter for fish and microorganisms, and decaying very slowly. The yellow tone gives a feeling of being hot in the tropics. The sand uses delicate and soft cosmetic sand to imitate the white sand that is seen in the original environment and is not easily blown by the current.
装饰描述：为了完全还原塔帕若斯河原始的水质环境，我在缸底后部铺设了一些水草泥。前半部分的沙子与水草泥用木棍隔开。大量棕榈叶和少量榄仁叶构成了主要环境，为鱼类和微生物提供了大量庇护所，且腐烂速度非常缓慢。黄色的色调营造出热带炎热的感觉。底砂选用细腻柔和的化妆沙，以模仿原生环境中不易被水流冲走的白沙。

Description of equipment: FLUVAL 206 external filter
设备描述：FLUVAL 206 外置过滤器
Atman cf800 external filter
阿特曼 cf800 外置过滤器
led 50w  50 瓦 LED
EHEIM Rain tube  EHEIM 雨淋管
Water parameters: 29°C, pH 6.5, tds 105
水质参数：29°C，pH 6.5，TDS 105
Additional info: I had 5 Dicrossus maculatus at beginning,when came to bred,I took out two.
补充信息：起初我饲养了 5 条斑点短鲷（Dicrossus maculatus），在准备繁殖时移出了两条。

INFORMATION ABOUT BIOTOPE
关于生物群落的信息

Description of the area surrounding the biotope: For most of its length the Tapajós runs through Pará State, but the upper (southern) part forms the border between Pará and Amazonas State. The source is at the Juruena–Teles Pires river junction. The Tapajós River basin accounts for 6% of the water in the Amazon Basin, making it the fifth largest in the system. The Tapajós is one of three major clearwater rivers in the Amazon Basin
生物群落周边区域描述：塔帕若斯河大部分河段流经帕拉州，但其上游（南部）构成了帕拉州与亚马孙州的边界。该河发源于茹鲁埃纳河与特利斯皮里斯河的交汇处。塔帕若斯河流域的水量占亚马逊盆地总水量的 6%，是亚马逊水系中第五大流域。塔帕若斯河是亚马逊盆地三条主要清水河之一。

Description of the underwater landscape of the biotope: The first major cataracts on the Tapajós River are near Itaituba, approximately 200 km from its mouth. Migratory fish, however, are able to pass these rapids. Numerous rapids stud the middle and upper Juruena and Teles Pires Rivers. The lower Juruena has floodable forests and there are small low-lying areas subject to seasonal inundation scattered throughout the Tapajós Basin. It has a large number of pure white sand sandy riverbeds, dense grasses, and empty area covered with organic matter. There are cascading fallen leaves under the trees near the river bank, and various fish shuttle through them.
生物群落水底景观描述：塔帕若斯河上的第一处大型瀑布位于伊泰图巴附近，距河口约 200 公里。然而，洄游鱼类能够穿越这些急流。茹鲁埃纳河与特利斯皮里斯河的中上游分布着众多急流。茹鲁埃纳河下游拥有可被洪水淹没的森林，而整个塔帕若斯盆地内也散布着一些易受季节性淹没的低洼地带。该区域拥有大片纯白沙滩的河床、茂密的水草，以及覆盖着有机质的空旷区域。河岸附近的树木下堆积着层层落叶，各种鱼类在其间穿梭游弋。

I hope to present a situation under a palm tree in the rainy season. The protagonist is the Dicrossus maculatus.The rising water gives them a chance to enter the river beach to complete the mission of a lifetime.
我希望呈现雨季中棕榈树下的景象。主角是斑点短鲷（Dicrossus maculatus）。上涨的河水使它们得以进入河滩，完成一生一次的使命。

Description of the parameters of the habitat: At its mouth the Tapajós River isconstrained by the water of the Amazon River.Consequently, its physicochemical parameters arestrongly affected by the whitewater of the AmazonRiver, and it exhibits high pH, conductivity, and TDS values until 50 kilometer upstream. ,except for the high conductivity and TDS values.Physicochemically, the water of the Tapajós River exhibited characteristics lying between those of the Amazon and Negro rivers waters.pH 6.5 ± 0.4; conductivity= 14.4 ± 13.1
栖息地参数描述：在塔帕若斯河（Tapajós River）河口处，其水流受到亚马逊河水的制约。因此，其理化参数深受亚马逊河白水的影响，直至上游 50 公里处仍表现出较高的 pH 值、电导率和总溶解固体（TDS）值；唯独电导率和 TDS 值例外。从理化特性来看，塔帕若斯河的水质特征介于亚马逊河与内格罗河之间。pH 值为 6.5 ± 0.4；电导率为 14.4 ± 13.1。

List of fishes and invertebrates occurring in the nature biotope: Cyphocharax gangamon Vari, 1992
自然生境中出现的鱼类和无脊椎动物名录：Cyphocharax gangamon Vari, 1992
Characidium cf. zebra Eigenmann, 1909
Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
双斑丽脂鲤（Linnaeus, 1758）
Hemigrammus analis Durbin, 1909
阿纳利斯半线脂鲤（Durbin, 1909）
Jupiaba acanthogaster (Eigenmann, 1911)
刺腹朱皮巴鱼（Eigenmann, 1911）
Knodus cf. shinahota Ferreira & Carvajal, 2007
克诺杜斯鱼近似种希纳霍塔型（Ferreira & Carvajal, 2007）
Moenkhausia collettii (Steindachner, 1882)
莫氏直线脂鲤（Moenkhausia collettii，Steindachner，1882）
Catoprion mento (Cuvier, 1819)
门托猫脂鲤（Catoprion mento，Cuvier，1819）
Erythrinus erythrinus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
红虎鱼（Erythrinus erythrinus，Bloch & Schneider，1801）
Denticetopsis seducta Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna, 2005
诱饵细齿鲇（Denticetopsis seducta，Vari, Ferraris & de Pinna，2005）
Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus, 1758)

List of plants found in the nature biotope: Echinochloa polystachya (Poaceae)
自然生境中发现的植物名录：稗草（Echinochloa polystachya，禾本科）
Polygonum ferrugineum (Polygonaceae)
铁色蓼（Polygonum ferrugineum，蓼科）
Oryza perennis (Poaceae)
野生稻（Oryza perennis，禾本科）
Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae)
凤眼蓝（雨久花科）

Threats to the ecology: Munduruku has been in the middle and upper reaches of RioTapajós since ancient times. The thickly vegetated shores, misty hills and untamed waters, in the next few years, the Brazilian government – with financial and engineering support in China and Europe – hopes to build the river by building 49 major dams on Tapajós and its tributaries Become the largest grain canal in the world. For the Brazilian government, this large-scale plan for the open Tapajos Basin (roughly the French region) is the key to national economic development and trade with China. For local politicians, this is an opportunity to industrialize, expand and enrich the business of nearby cities, whose population is expected to double in the next 10 years. For an eco-lover, this is unfortunately frustrating. These plans will greatly affect the local ecological environment. These plans to build dams were delayed due to local indigenous resistance but were difficult to cancel completely. In our country, the government often emphasizes that we should not take the old road of pollution control, but it is clear that our assessment of the impact of international investment on the ecological environment needs to be improved.
生态面临的威胁：蒙杜鲁库人自古以来就生活在塔帕若斯河的中上游地区。两岸植被茂密，山峦云雾缭绕，河水奔流不息。在未来几年内，巴西政府在中国和欧洲的资金与工程支持下，计划在塔帕若斯河及其支流上修建 49 座大型水坝，意图将其打造成全球最大的粮食运输水道。对巴西政府而言，这项覆盖塔帕若斯流域（面积大致相当于法国）的宏大计划，是推动国家经济发展并与中国开展贸易的关键。对当地政客来说，这是实现工业化、扩张并繁荣邻近城市商业的良机，预计这些城市的人口将在未来十年内翻一番。然而，对于热爱自然的人来说，这却令人深感沮丧。这些计划将对当地生态环境造成巨大影响。尽管因原住民的抵制，建坝计划曾被推迟，但要彻底取消却困难重重。 在我国，政府经常强调我们不应重走污染控制的老路，但显然，我们对国际投资对生态环境影响的评估仍有待加强。
“This is a historic moment for the Amazon. We have seen previous economic booms – rubber, logging and mining – that caused social conflict and environmental damage, but the proposed development along the Tapajós covers a much wider area and would have a much more profound impact,” said Alcilene Cardoso of the Amazon Environmental Research Institute.
“这对亚马逊而言是一个历史性时刻。我们曾见证过橡胶、伐木和采矿等以往的经济繁荣，它们引发了社会冲突并造成了环境破坏，但拟议中的塔帕若斯河沿岸开发项目覆盖范围更广，其影响也将更为深远，”亚马逊环境研究所的阿尔西莱内·卡多索表示。