哥伦比亚马纳卡西亚斯河河口附近的洪泛区 原生缸造景 19年第90名

Volume: 63 L  容积：63 升
Dimensions: 60x30x35 cm  尺寸：60×30×35 厘米
List of fishes: Mikrogeophagus ramirezi, Rinelorricaria eigenmanni
鱼类名录：Mikrogeophagus ramirezi、Rinelorricaria eigenmanni

List of plants: Myriophyllum aquaticum, Hydrocotyle leucocephala
植物名录：狐尾藻（Myriophyllum aquaticum）、南美天胡荽（Hydrocotyle leucocephala）
Description of decorations: The bottom is made of quartz sand (0.1-0.3mm fraction), on the side of the hill between the quartz marker and the bottom of the aquarium natural gravel (3mm-30mm fraction) was used, in places where the vegetation was planted under the recorder, apart from the gravel there was a substrate from peat. On the hill, a natural root to imitate a fragment of a sunken tree and provide a place of residence / shelter for Rineloricaria eigenmanni, around the root there are leafed leaves and black alder cones (Alnus glutinosa Gaertn), as well as Ketapanga leaves and Ketapanga bark pieces. The bottom prepared in this way has several meanings, that is to say, bring the natural bottom closer to the appearance and cause the proper tea coloration of the water, providing appropriate elements such as tannins. On the right side, the part imitating the river bed, therefore the area is not planted with vegetation, only sand was used that fulfills not only a visual role, but also practical, because Microgeophagus ramirezi use sand to clean the gills and in the spawning period dig a hole into which they are transported fry, which is there to the momet when it is able to swim alone. I have also placed a flat stain, on which Microgeophagus ramirezi, after its prior purification, can spawn.
装饰说明：底部铺设石英砂（粒径 0.1–0.3 毫米）；在石英标记物与水族箱底部之间的坡侧区域，使用了天然砾石（粒径 3–30 毫米）；在种植水草的区域（位于沉木下方），除砾石外还添加了泥炭基质。坡上放置了一根天然沉木，用以模拟沉没树木的片段，并为郑氏锉甲鲶（Rineloricaria eigenmanni）提供栖息与庇护场所；沉木周围散落着落叶、黑桤木果序（Alnus glutinosa Gaertn），以及榄仁树叶和榄仁树树皮碎片。如此布置的底床具有多重意义：既使底床外观更贴近自然生境，又通过释放单宁等适宜成分，促使水体呈现恰当的茶色。 右侧是模拟河床的区域，因此未种植水草，仅铺设了沙子。这不仅具有视觉效果，还具备实用功能：因为拉氏小隐带丽鱼（Microgeophagus ramirezi）会利用沙子清洁鳃部，并在繁殖期挖掘洞穴，将鱼苗转移其中，直至其能够独立游动。 我还放置了一块平坦的石板，供拉氏小隐带丽鱼在完成前期清理后，进行产卵。

Description of equipment: LED lamp with a power of 18W and color 7500K, the period of illumination is 10h (in the range from 9:30 to 19:30). Internal filtration – sponge and peat insert (to maintain an effective pH), a rain shower located in the exposed part (right side of the aquarium) directed from the back towards the front of the aquarium to obtain the effect of the water current. Water flow 350l / h. Internal heating – 100W heater with thermostat.
设备说明：配备一盏功率 18 瓦、色温 7500K 的 LED 灯，每日照明时间为 10 小时（9:30 至 19:30）。内置过滤系统采用海绵与泥炭插件（以维持适宜的 pH 值），并在暴露区域（鱼缸右侧）设置雨淋式出水口，方向由后向前，以模拟水流效果，水流量为 350 升/小时。内置加热系统为带温控器的 100 瓦加热棒。
Water parameters: Transparent water with tea color, thanks to the leaves used on the bottom and cone. Temperature 27 ° C, pH 6.0, KH 1, GH 3
水质参数：由于底部和锥体使用了落叶，水体透明且呈茶色。温度 27°C，pH 6.0，KH 1，GH 3。

INFORMATION ABOUT BIOTOPE
关于生物群落的信息

Description of the area surrounding the biotope: The Manacacias River is located in the Meta Department of Colombia and is a tributary of the Meta River. The Apure basin covers a small part of the Colombian territory in the upper reaches of the Sarare River and its tributary Oirá. The upper springs of the Manacecias River are found in the Andes. Most of the Manacacias river basin is located on the vast Colombian – Venezuelan plain called Los Llanos, which is a highly productive cover of the ecosystem for the extensive savanna vegetation. After reaching the plains, the speed of water decreases and slows down. This large zone is seasonally flooded, which allows for a wide interaction between the Manacacias River and its flood plain. Interaction between river water and the flood plain plays a key role in mainstream ecology. The climate in Los Llanos is the climate of a tropical savannah and consists of wet and dry season. The rainy season starts in May and lasts until November, while the dry season lasts from around November to April. Months with maximum rainfall are June, July and August. In the high water level, the river floods its floodplains, which remain flooded until November. The hydrological cycle in the river is accompanied by large changes in the concentrations of the dissolved element. In the vicinity of Puerto Gaitan, the river connects with the river Meta. The river channel often turns and one of its banks is overgrown with forests when at the same time sandy beaches are formed on the other side.
生物群落周边区域描述：马纳卡西亚斯河位于哥伦比亚梅塔省，是梅塔河的支流。阿普雷河流域覆盖了哥伦比亚领土的一小部分，包括萨雷河上游及其支流奥伊拉河。马纳卡西亚斯河的上游源头位于安第斯山脉。该河大部分流域坐落在广阔的哥伦比亚—委内瑞拉平原”洛斯亚诺斯”上，这片区域拥有高度生产力的生态系统，支撑着广袤的稀树草原植被。河流进入平原后，流速减缓。这一广阔地带具有季节性洪水特征，使得马纳卡西亚斯河与其洪泛区之间产生广泛的相互作用。河水与洪泛区之间的互动在主流生态学中起着关键作用。洛斯亚诺斯地区属于热带稀树草原气候，分为雨季和旱季。雨季从 5 月持续至 11 月，而旱季则大约从 11 月延续到次年 4 月。降雨量最大的月份为 6 月、7 月和 8 月。在高水位期间，河流淹没其洪泛区，这些区域一直维持淹没状态直至 11 月。 河流的水文循环伴随着溶解元素浓度的巨大变化。在加伊坦港附近，该河与梅塔河交汇。河道经常蜿蜒曲折，一侧河岸被森林覆盖，而另一侧则形成沙滩。

Description of the underwater landscape of the biotope: While describing the underwater landscape, I suggested photographs of the surroundings of the river found on the Internet and satellite images of google maps. Combining this with descriptions of other places of occurrence of Mikrogeophagus ramirezi, I created a representation of the bottom which must consist largely of quartz sand occurring in the middle part of the river bed and its shore not covered with trees and vegetation, and on the other (where there is abundant vegetation) a mixture of sand and matter organic.
生物群落水下景观描述：在描述水下景观时，我参考了互联网上找到的河流周边环境照片以及谷歌地图的卫星图像。结合对拉氏短鲷（Mikrogeophagus ramirezi）其他栖息地的描述，我构建了河床的模型：河床中部及无树木和植被覆盖的岸边主要由石英砂构成；而在植被茂密的一侧，则是沙子与有机物质的混合物。

Description of the parameters of the habitat: The water temperature in the dry season reaches 28-29 degrees Celsius. The pH value depending on the distance from built-up areas (the farther the lower) is from 5.5 – 6.8.
栖息地参数描述：旱季水温可达 28-29 摄氏度。pH 值取决于距建成区的距离（距离越远，数值越低），范围为 5.5 至 6.8。

List of fishes and invertebrates occurring in the nature biotope: On the basis of Global Biodiversity Information Facility, I built a list of fish found in the Rio Manacacias estuary: Mikrogeophaus ramirezi, Rineloricaria eigenmanni, Hemigrammus rhodostomus, Hyphessobrycon bentosi, Moenkhausia caudomaculatus, Nannostomus eques, Apistogramma hoignei, Aequidens diadema, Heros severum, Satanoperca daemon, Leporinus fasciatus. Of the larger species found in this region, Cichla orinocensis, Serrasalmus rhombeus, Pygocentrus cariba, Hoplias malabaricus can be mentioned. A little above, in Rio Meta we meet: Anostomus Anostomus, Apistogramma macmasteri, Mesonauta insignis. Below in Rio Manacacia, closer to the town of Puerto Gaitan we will meet: Apistogramma macmasteri, Platydoras costatus, Farlowella mariaelenae, Hypostomus plecostomus.
该自然生境中出现的鱼类和无脊椎动物名录：基于全球生物多样性信息设施（GBIF），我编制了在马纳卡西亚斯河（Rio Manacacias）河口发现的鱼类名录：拉氏短鲷（Mikrogeophaus ramirezi）、艾氏管吻鲇（Rineloricaria eigenmanni）、红鼻剪刀鱼（Hemigrammus rhodostomus）、本托氏魮脂鲤（Hyphessobrycon bentosi）、尾斑直线脂鲤（Moenkhausia caudomaculatus）、企鹅灯鱼（Nannostomus eques）、霍氏隐带丽鱼（Apistogramma hoignei）、冠带玉鲈（Aequidens diadema）、高身神慈鲷（Heros severum）、魔鬼撒旦鲈（Satanoperca daemon）、条纹兔头鲃（Leporinus fasciatus）。在该地区发现的大型物种包括：奥里诺科孔雀鲈（Cichla orinocensis）、菱形锯脂鲤（Serrasalmus rhombeus）、加勒比食人鱼（Pygocentrus cariba）、马拉巴狼牙鱼（Hoplias malabaricus）。稍上游的梅塔河（Rio Meta）中可见：上口脂鲤（Anostomus Anostomus）、麦克马斯特隐带丽鱼（Apistogramma macmasteri）、显赫美鲷（Mesonauta insignis）。下游的马纳卡西亚河（Rio Manacacia）靠近盖坦港（Puerto Gaitan）镇处则分布有：麦克马斯特隐带丽鱼（Apistogramma macmasteri）、科氏平底鲇（Platydoras costatus）、玛丽埃伦法洛韦拉鲇（Farlowella mariaelenae）、吸口鲇（Hypostomus plecostomus）。

List of plants found in the nature biotope: Since I did not get to the list of plants found in the Rio Manacacias basin, I relied on the list of plants found in other areas where Mikrogeophagus ramirezi occur. On the basis of such a list, using the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, I checked their occurrence in the region of Rio Meta and the estuary of Rio Manacacias: Syngonanthus, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Hydrocotyle leucocephala.
在自然生境中发现的植物列表：由于我未能获取马纳卡西亚斯河流域的植物列表，因此我参考了其他分布有拉氏短鲷（Mikrogeophagus ramirezi）地区的植物名录。基于该名录，并利用全球生物多样性信息设施（GBIF），我核查了这些植物在梅塔河区域及马纳卡西亚斯河河口的分布情况：水禾属（Syngonanthus）、狐尾藻（Myriophyllum aquaticum）、白花天胡荽（Hydrocotyle leucocephala）。