马拉维湖利科马岛的岩石栖息地原生缸造景 19年第69名

Volume: 140 L  水体容积：140 升
Dimensions: 90x55x30 cm  尺寸：90×55×30 厘米
List of fishes: Labidochromis Caeruleus, Pseudotropheus sp. “Demasoni”, Cynotilapia Afra “Cobue”
鱼类名录：淡黑拟丽鱼（Labidochromis caeruleus）、伪黑丽鱼属”Demasoni”种（Pseudotropheus sp.”Demasoni”）、非洲慈鲷属“科布韦”变种（Cynotilapia afra”Cobue”）

List of plants: –  植物列表：–
Description of decorations: The base was made of coral bones, and then sand was laid on them, with rocks of all sizes
装饰描述：基底由珊瑚骨构成，其上铺设沙子，并摆放了各种尺寸的岩石
Description of equipment: Oase Filto Thermo300, 1000L/H,FLUVAL407,1450L/H,homemade led background light,
设备描述：欧士（Oase）Filto Thermo300，1000 升/小时；FLUVAL407，1450 升/小时；自制背景照明灯

Two ZETLIGHT ZE8300,96W, Simulated sunrise and sunset
两台 96W ZETLIGHT ZE8300，模拟日出与日落
Lighting: up aqua U series Pro 40 color temperature 7000K
照明：up aqua U 系列 Pro 40，色温 7000K
Water parameters: Temperature is 26°C, ph is 8.5
水质参数：温度为 26°C，pH 值为 8.5

INFORMATION ABOUT BIOTOPE
关于生物群落的信息

Description of the area surrounding the biotope: Likoma Island is located in southeast of Lake Malawi and is the larger of two inhabited islands, the smaller being nearby Chizulmulu. Likoma and Chizulmulu both belong to Malawi, and together they make up the Likoma District. Both islands lie just a few kilometers from Mozambique, and are entirely surrounded by Mozambican territorial waters. This region has got relatively clear waters and mostly rocky habitats.
栖息地周边环境描述：利科马岛位于马拉维湖东南部，是两个有人居住的岛屿中较大的一个，较小的邻近岛屿是奇祖卢穆卢岛。利科马岛和奇祖卢穆卢岛均属于马拉维，共同构成利科马区。两岛距离莫桑比克仅数公里，完全被莫桑比克领海所环绕。该区域水质相对清澈，栖息地以岩石为主。

Description of the underwater landscape of the biotope: Mbunas inhabit the rocky shallow areas. They are commonly found over small and medium sized rocks at depths between 10-33 feet (3-10m). They feed zooplankton, epibenthic invertebrates, and aufwuchs. Large rounded rocks provide shelter and a place for the mbunas’ main diet to grow. Aufwuchs in the algae includes microfauna such as small invertebrates. They stick close to the rockwork to avoid the open water piscivores commonly referred to as the haps.
栖息地水下景观描述：姆布纳慈鲷栖息于浅水岩石区，常见于水深 10 至 33 英尺（3 至 10 米）的小型至中型岩石上方。它们以浮游动物、底栖无脊椎动物及附着生物为食。大型圆润的岩石既提供庇护所，也是姆布纳慈鲷主要食物来源的生长地。附着生物中的藻类包含小型无脊椎动物等微型动物群。为避免常被称作“哈普”的开阔水域肉食性鱼类的捕食，它们紧贴岩石结构活动。

Description of the parameters of the habitat: Water parameters of Likoma Islands are similar the other regions. Electrical conductivity (μmho = microsiemens): 210-220, Total solids (mg/L) average: 134.4-140.0, Sum of cations (meg/L): 2.45, Sum of anions (meq/L): 2.5-2.59, Total hardness as calcium carbonate CaCO3 (mg/L): 60.8-85.60, Total calcium as calcium carbonate CaCO3 (mg/L): 41.0-49.0, Total magnesium as calcium carbonate CaCO3 (mg/L): 19.58-36.60, pH: 7.9-8.5, Na (sodium) (mg/L): 21.0, K (potassium) (mg/L): 6.4, Ca (calcium) (mg/L): 16.4-20.7, Mg (magnesium) (mg/L): 4.7-8.8, Alkalinity as calcium carbonat CaCO3 (mg/L): 118.0-129.0, HCO3+CO3 (bicarbonate, carbonate) (meq/L): 2.36-2.58, Alkalinity as HCO3+CO3 (bicarbonate, carbonate ions) (mg/L): 71.98-78.69, Cl (chloride) (mg/L): 3.57-4.3, SO4 (sulfate) (mg/L) (using ion-exchange resins): 5.5, SiO2 (dissolved silica) (mg/L): 1.1-4 ,PO4• P (phosphate)(μg/L): <7-30 Temperatures: 23°C-28°C
栖息地参数描述：利科马岛的水质参数与其他地区相似。电导率（μmho = 微西门子）：210-220；总溶解固体（mg/L）平均值：134.4-140.0；阳离子总和（meg/L）：2.45；阴离子总和（meq/L）：2.5-2.59；以碳酸钙（CaCO3）计的总硬度（mg/L）：60.8-85.60；以碳酸钙（CaCO3）计的总钙含量（mg/L）：41.0-49.0；以碳酸钙（CaCO3）计的总镁含量（mg/L）：19.58-36.60；pH 值：7.9-8.5；钠（Na）（mg/L）：21.0；钾（K）（mg/L）：6.4；钙（Ca）（mg/L）：16.4-20.7；镁（Mg）（mg/L）：4.7-8.8；以碳酸钙（CaCO3）计的碱度（mg/L）：118.0-129.0；碳酸氢根 + 碳酸根（HCO3+CO3）（meq/L）：2.36-2.58；以碳酸氢根 + 碳酸根（HCO3+CO3）离子计的碱度（mg/L）：71.98-78.69；氯化物（Cl）（mg/L）：3.57-4.3；硫酸盐（SO4）（mg/L，使用离子交换树脂测定）：5.5；溶解二氧化硅（SiO2）（mg/L）：1.1-4；磷酸盐（PO4•P）（μg/L）：<7-30。温度：23°C-28°C。

List of fishes and invertebrates occurring in the nature biotope: Common Mbuna species seen there are Melanochromis cyaneorhabdos, Cynotilapia zebrodies (Likoma), Labeotropheus fuelleborni (Likoma), Labeotropheus fuelleborni (Maison Reef), Labeotropheus trewavasa, and Cynotilapia afra, but you can see also all other mbuna species found in Lake Malawi.
自然生境中出现的鱼类和无脊椎动物名录：该地常见的岩栖慈鲷（Mbuna）物种包括黑带拟丽鱼（Melanochromis cyaneorhabdos）、斑马拟丽鱼利科马变种（Cynotilapia zebrodies (Likoma)）、弗氏拉布托丽鱼利科马变种（Labeotropheus fuelleborni (Likoma)）、弗氏拉布托丽鱼梅森礁变种（Labeotropheus fuelleborni (Maison Reef)）、特氏拉布托丽鱼（Labeotropheus trewavasa）以及阿弗拉拟丽鱼（Cynotilapia afra），但您也能在马拉维湖中发现所有其他岩栖慈鲷物种。

List of plants found in the nature biotope: Alga
自然生境中发现的植物名录：藻类

Threats to the ecology: During dry season, the water level is lower so that some nonlocal people tends to catch fish illegally by poisoning or electronic method. Since 2006, local community conducted a conservation activity to protect the Laoning river. As a result, the fish biodiversity recover and turns out a beautiful and abundant underwater scene.
生态面临的威胁：在旱季，水位下降，导致一些外地人倾向于通过投毒或使用电子设备等非法手段捕鱼。自 2006 年以来，当地社区开展了保护老宁河（Laoning river）的保护活动。结果，鱼类生物多样性得以恢复，呈现出一幅美丽而丰富的水下景象。