澳大利亚楚瓦尔布里斯班河潮汐淡水段原生缸造景 19年24名

Volume: 576 L  水体容积：576 升
Dimensions: 120x120x60 cm
尺寸：120×120×60 厘米
List of fishes: Melanotaenia duboulayi, Hypseleotris compressa, Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum, Monodactylus argenteus, Ambassis agassizii, Hypseleotris galii
鱼类名录：梅氏虹银汉鱼（Melanotaenia duboulayi）、压腹鲈（Hypseleotris compressa）、蝇粪塘鳢（Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum）、银大眼鲳（Monodactylus argenteus）、阿加西双边鱼（Ambassis agassizii）、加利鲈（Hypseleotris galii）
List of plants: Crinum pedunculatum, Ludwigia repens, Ottelia alismoides, Persicaria decipiens, Ceratophyllum demersum, Vallisneria nana, Juncus usitatus
植物列表：长茎文殊兰（Crinum pedunculatum）、匍匐丁香蓼（Ludwigia repens）、水车前（Ottelia alismoides）、柔茎蓼（Persicaria decipiens）、金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum demersum）、矮苦草（Vallisneria nana）、常用灯心草（Juncus usitatus）

Description of decorations: Natural unwashed sand, Eucalyptus hollow, Callistemon root, Eucalyptus and Hoop Pine (Araucaria cunninghamii) leaves, Natural Brisbane River rock, River Sheoak (Casuarina cunninghamiana) branches overhanging the biotope.
装饰描述：天然未清洗沙底、桉树空洞、红千层根系、桉树与胡松（南洋杉，Araucaria cunninghamii）叶片、天然布里斯班河岩石、悬垂于生物群落上方的河岸木麻黄（Casuarina cunninghamiana）枝条。
Description of equipment: Eheim 300w heater set at 24deg C. Eheim Classic 2217 External Canister filter. 6 x 18w PAR38 LED Daylight 6500K Flood light bulbs.
设备描述：伊罕 300W 加热棒，设定温度 24°C；伊罕经典款 2217 外置滤桶；6 盏 18W PAR38 LED 日光型泛光灯泡，色温 6500K。
Water parameters: Ph 8.0, Amonia (NH3/NH4+) 0.7ppm, Nitrite (NO2-) 0.03, Nitrate (NO3-) 0.2.
水质参数：pH 8.0，氨氮（NH3/NH4+）0.7ppm，亚硝酸盐（NO2-）0.03，硝酸盐（NO3-）0.2。
Additional info: This biotope has been getting 50% water changes every 2 days for filming purposes but normally only gets changed at 50% weekly basis, regular water changes have been done to clear the water of tannins from the driftwood and leaf litter, with the addition of a litre of salt water at water changes.
附加信息：为拍摄需要，该生物群落生境每两天更换 50% 的水量，但通常仅每周更换一次 50% 的水量。定期换水旨在清除沉木和落叶层释放的单宁酸使水体浑浊的问题，并在每次换水时添加一升海水。

INFORMATION ABOUT BIOTOPE
关于生物群落的信息

Description of the area surrounding the biotope: The Brisbane river is a large river drainage located in South East Queensland Australia, it flows 344km from Brisbane River’s source which is located in the Great Dividing Range, east of Kingaroy. It then makes its way south, past Mount Stanley, and townships including Moore and Toogoolawah before being joined by the Stanley River, just south of Somerset Dam, the river runs from there into Lake Wivenhoe, created by the Wivenhoe Dam which is located 80kms west of Brisbane city. Beyond the dam, the river flows eastward, meeting the Bremer River near Ipswich, it flows through 2 of Queensland’s largest cities Ipswich and Brisbane below the dam wall there is another small weir at Mount Crosby where there is another small water treatment plant above the upstream tidal flow of seawater at Colleges Crossing where it still gets minimal salt if any, mainly in times of drought when the flow from upstream slows and the water from the incoming tide can flow further upstream than usual.
生物群落周边区域描述：布里斯班河是位于澳大利亚昆士兰州东南部的一条大型河流流域，全长 344 公里，发源于大分水岭、金加罗伊以东的布里斯班河源头。随后河流向南流经斯坦利山，以及摩尔和图古拉瓦等乡镇，在萨默塞特大坝以南汇入斯坦利河；此后河流注入由维文霍大坝形成的维文霍湖，该大坝位于布里斯班市以西 80 公里处。大坝下游，河流向东流淌，在伊普斯维奇附近与布雷默河汇合，并流经昆士兰州最大的两座城市——伊普斯维奇和布里斯班。在大坝墙下游，克罗斯比山处另有一座小型堰坝，其上方设有一座小型水处理厂；再往下游至学院渡口（Colleges Crossing）的潮汐上游段，海水倒灌带来的盐分极少甚至没有，主要仅在干旱时期，当上游来水减少时，涨潮海水才会比平常更深入地上溯。

Description of the underwater landscape of the biotope: The Range of substrate rock can vary in this biotope, it could be Limestones, sandstone, quartzite, schists and dolomite created by the faulting and folding prosses from the Great Dividing Range where it originates from. It mainly consists of heavy smooth river rock where the flow is fast to small pockets of fine sand and leaf litter where it is slow flowing. Most of the river in the area has a lot of structure consisting of large fallen hollows and branches of the local Eucalyptus, Casuarina, Callistemon, Melaleuca trees that surround the river and are all hardwood so are long lasting in this landscape and feature good homes for its inhabitants.
生物群落的水下景观描述：该生物群落的基质岩石种类多样，可能包括石灰岩、砂岩、石英岩、片岩和白云岩，这些岩石源于大分水岭的断层与褶皱作用。其主要由厚重光滑的河床石构成，分布于水流湍急的区域；而在水流缓慢处，则形成细小的沙坑并堆积落叶碎屑。该区域的大部分河段拥有丰富的结构特征，包括大量倒伏的中空树干以及周围河岸生长的本地桉树、木麻黄、红千层和白千层等硬木树木的枝条。这些硬木耐久性强，在此景观中可长期存留，并为水生生物提供了优良的栖息场所。

Description of the parameters of the habitat: The water is mainly transparent at low tide and in good weather, it can get murky at the top of the tide, average temperature in summer is 23-24deg C. and in winter 19-22deg C. the water parameters at low tide, PH 8.0-8.8, (NH3/NH4+) 0, (NO2-) 0ppm, (NO3-) 0ppm, salt density 1.010 at high tide the water parameters didn’t change at the time of testing.
栖息地参数描述：在低潮且天气良好时，水体主要呈透明状态；而在高潮时则可能变得浑浊。夏季平均水温为 23–24°C，冬季为 19–22°C。低潮时的水质参数如下：pH 值为 8.0–8.8，(NH3/NH4+) 为 0，(NO2-) 为 0 ppm，(NO3-) 为 0 ppm，盐度密度为 1.010。在高潮时进行测试，水质参数未发生变化。

List of fishes and invertebrates occurring in the nature biotope: Fish species: Melanotaenia duboulayi, Hypseleotris compressa, Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum, Monodactylus argenteus, Ambassis agassizii, Hypseleotris galii, Ambassis marianus, Acanthopagrus australis, Pseudomugil signifier, Scatophagus argus, Notesthes robusta, Glossamia aprion, Carcharhinus leucas, Gerres subfasciatus, Arrhamphus sclerolepis, Trachystoma petard, Mugil cephalus, Megalops cyprinoides, Butis butis, Redigobius bikolanus, Mogurnda adspersa, Philypnodon grandiceps, Neoceratodus forsteri, Neoarius graeffei, Tandanus tandanus. Other species: Macrobrachium Bate, Paratya australiensis, Velesunio ambiguous, Cerithimorpha, Architaenioglossa.
自然生物群落中出现的鱼类和无脊椎动物名录：鱼类物种：杜氏虹银汉鱼（Melanotaenia duboulayi）、压缩 Hypseleotris（Hypseleotris compressa）、蝇粪坑银汉鱼（Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum）、银单鳍鱼（Monodactylus argenteus）、阿加西副鲈（Ambassis agassizii）、加利 Hypseleotris（Hypseleotris galii）、玛丽亚副鲈（Ambassis marianus）、澳洲棘鲷（Acanthopagrus australis）、信号伪鳉（Pseudomugil signifier）、斑蝎鱼（Scatophagus argus）、强壮诺特斯特斯鱼（Notesthes robusta）、 Aprion 舌塘鳢（Glossamia aprion）、公牛鲨（Carcharhinus leucas）、亚带鲻（Gerres subfasciatus）、硬鳞半喙鱼（Arrhamphus sclerolepis）、佩塔德管吻鱼（Trachystoma petard）、鲻鱼（Mugil cephalus）、鲤形大海鲢（Megalops cyprinoides）、布提斯虎鱼（Butis butis）、比科兰红鳍虾虎鱼（Redigobius bikolanus）、斑点莫古恩达鱼（Mogurnda adspersa）、大头菲利浦诺顿鱼（Philypnodon grandiceps）、澳大利亚肺鱼（Neoceratodus forsteri）、格雷夫新鲶（Neoarius graeffei）、 Tandanus 鲶鱼（Tandanus tandanus）。其他物种：沼虾属（Macrobrachium Bate）、澳洲帕拉蒂亚虾（Paratya australiensis）、模糊维勒苏尼奥蚌（Velesunio ambiguous）、蟹守螺形态类（Cerithimorpha）、古扭舌目（Architaenioglossa）。

List of plants found in the nature biotope: Crinum pedunculatum, Ludwigia repens, Ottelia alismoides, Persicaria decipiens, Ceratophyllum demersum, Vallisneria nana, Juncus usitatus, Azolla pinnata, Nymphoides indica, Colocasia esculenta, Hydrocotyle tripartite, Marsilea drummondii, Crassula helmsii, potamogeton crispus.
自然生物群落中发现的植物名录：君子兰状文殊兰（Crinum pedunculatum）、匍匐丁香蓼（Ludwigia repens）、水车前（Ottelia alismoides）、拟蓼（Persicaria decipiens）、金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum demersum）、矮苦草（Vallisneria nana）、常用灯心草（Juncus usitatus）、满江红（Azolla pinnata）、印度荇菜（Nymphoides indica）、芋头（Colocasia esculenta）、三裂天胡荽（Hydrocotyle tripartite）、德拉蒙德萍蓬草（Marsilea drummondii）、赫尔姆斯景天（Crassula helmsii）、菹草（potamogeton crispus）。

Threats to the ecology: This area of the river has gone through a lot of changes in recent years it has gone through 3 major floods the last being one of the biggest in 2011 where the water levels rose 17 metres at Colleges Crossing and devastated the region. It has now been turned into a recreational reserve for birds and aquatic species in the area of the biotope, but still faces dangers from development and pollution in other areas, it flows through two of Queensland’s major city’s Ipswich and Brisbane and is a major port at its mouth for the region and has been dammed at Wivenhoe 80kms west of Brisbane as a source of freshwater and to protect the two city’s from floods. It is also home to one of Australia’s prehistoric fish the Queensland lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri) which could be threatened by the Mozambique mouth brooder, or tilapia, it has been declared a noxious and threatening alien species to the lungfish in Queensland.
生态威胁：该河段近年来经历了巨大变化，曾遭遇三次重大洪水，其中最近一次是 2011 年发生的特大洪水，当时学院渡口（Colleges Crossing）的水位上涨了 17 米，给该地区造成了严重破坏。如今，这一区域已被划为鸟类和水生物种的休闲保护区，但仍面临来自其他地区开发与污染的威胁。该河流经昆士兰州两大主要城市——伊普斯威奇和布里斯班，其河口是该地区的重要港口；此外，在布里斯班以西 80 公里处的维文霍（Wivenhoe）已筑坝，既作为淡水来源，也用于保护这两座城市免受洪水侵袭。这里还是澳大利亚史前鱼类之一——昆士兰肺鱼（Neoceratodus forsteri）的栖息地，而该物种可能受到莫桑比克口孵非鲫（即罗非鱼）的威胁；在昆士兰州，这种鱼已被列为对肺鱼有害的外来入侵物种。