美国佛罗里达州查塔胡奇阿巴拉契科拉河沼泽原生缸造景 19年38名

Volume: 250 L  容量：250 升
Dimensions: 180x60x60 cm  尺寸：180x60x60 厘米
List of fishes: Macrochelys temminckii, Gambusia affinis（These fish are kept in my aquarium as a feed for Macrochelys temminckii.）, Neocaridina denticulate(Shrimp from the original habitat are not available in my area, but these shrimp have been added to enrich the turtle’s diet)
鱼类名录：拟鳄龟（Macrochelys temminckii）、食蚊鱼（Gambusia affinis）（这些鱼在我的水族箱中作为拟鳄龟的饲料）、樱花虾（Neocaridina denticulata）（原产地虾类在我所在地区无法获得，但引入此类虾以丰富龟的饮食）

List of plants: –  植物列表：–
Description of decorations: Due to the locomotion of the turtle, the stones and sands are stick by using glues with mud and sand mixture above. Leaves and stick are also added. Dead leaves and wood are decorated on the riverside with grass.
装饰说明：鉴于龟的活动特性，石块与底砂采用胶水固定，并在其上方覆盖泥砂混合物。此外还添加了落叶与沉木。河岸区域饰以枯叶、沉木及水草。
Description of equipment: Two Oase BioMaster600, 1250L/H,ODYSSEA T5H0,640w
设备说明：两台 Oase BioMaster600 过滤器（流量 1250 升/小时）、ODYSSEA T5H0 照明灯（功率 640 瓦）
Water parameters: Temperature is 23°C, ph is 7.5
水质参数：水温 23°C，pH 值 7.5

INFORMATION ABOUT BIOTOPE
关于生物群落的信息

Description of the area surrounding the biotope: The Apalachicola River, originated in Apalachicola, Florida, USA, is a confluence of two rivers, the Chattahoochee River and the Flint River. It belongs to the ACF river system. It is 180 kilometers long and has a drainage area of 19,500 square miles (50,505 square kilometers). The Apalachicola River Basin is the most biologically diverse area east of the Mississippi River. The basin contains important forests throughout the country, with some of the highest biodiversity east of the Mississippi River. It has a large area of temperate deciduous forests as well as long-leaved pine trees and flat forests. Flooded areas have large floodplain forests. All of these southeast forest types were destroyed by logging between 1880 and 1920. The highest point in the basin is the Blood Mountain, 4,458 feet (1,359 meters) above sea level, near the source of the Chattahoochee River. A total of 356 wild species are currently known, of which 130 are endangered protected animals.
生物栖息地周边环境描述：阿巴拉契科拉河发源于美国佛罗里达州的阿巴拉契科拉，由查塔胡奇河与弗林特河汇流而成，属于 ACF 河水系。该河全长 180 公里，流域面积达 19,500 平方英里（50,505 平方公里）。阿巴拉契科拉河流域是密西西比河以东生物多样性最丰富的地区。流域内分布着全国重要的森林，拥有密西西比河以东最高的生物多样性水平之一。这里既有大片的温带落叶林，也有长叶松林和平原森林。洪泛区则覆盖着广阔的洪泛平原森林。所有这些东南部的森林类型曾在 1880 年至 1920 年间因伐木活动而遭到破坏。流域内的最高点是位于查塔胡奇河源头附近的血山（Blood Mountain），海拔 4,458 英尺（1,359 米）。目前已知该区域共有 356 种野生动植物，其中 130 种为濒危保护物种。

Description of the underwater landscape of the biotope: In a tributary of the Apalachicola River, the water level is sometimes deep and sometimes shallow, and usually the deepest part of the river is no more than 2 meters. The substrate is mixed by sand and mud. There are many rock and gravel under the water, and there will be some algae on it. In some places, there are a lot of water plants, fallen branches and leaves. There are not many creatures.
生物群落水下景观描述：在阿巴拉契科拉河的一条支流中，水位时深时浅，通常河流最深处不超过 2 米。底质由沙和泥混合而成。水下有许多岩石和砾石，其上常附着一些藻类。某些区域生长着大量水生植物，并散落着枯枝落叶。生物种类并不丰富。

Description of the parameters of the habitat: Because the ACF River basin spans about 5 degrees of latitude, it has a sharp gradient in growing seasons. Average annual temperature ranges from about 60 ° F in the north to 70 ° F in the south. Average daily temperatures in the basin for January range from about 40 ° F to 55 ° F, and for July from 75 ° F to 80 ° F. In the winter, cold winds from the northwest cause the minimum temperature to dip below freezing for only short periods. Summer temperatures commonly range from the 70’s to the 90’s. Water in the main channel of the Apalachicola River usually has a pH between 7 and 8.
栖息地参数描述：由于 ACF 河流域横跨约 5 个纬度，其生长季呈现显著梯度变化。年平均气温从北部的约 60°F 到南部的约 70°F 不等。流域内一月的平均日气温约为 40°F 至 55°F，七月则为 75°F 至 80°F。冬季，来自西北的冷风会使最低气温短暂降至冰点以下。夏季气温通常在 70 多度至 90 多度（华氏）之间。阿巴拉契科拉河主河道的水体 pH 值通常介于 7 至 8 之间。

List of fishes and invertebrates occurring in the nature biotope: Macrochelys temminckii, Gambusia affinis
自然生物群落中出现的鱼类和无脊椎动物名录：Macrochelys temminckii、Gambusia affinis

List of plants found in the nature biotope: There are no aqua plants in the habitat I described.
该自然生境中发现的植物列表：在我所描述的栖息地中没有水生植物。

Threats to the ecology: As early as the American Indians were on the surrounding land of the Apalachicola River, the ecology of the area was already small. During the period between 1868 and 1940, hydropower mining, gold mining, and logging led to large-scale deforestation. Until now Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF basin including the Apalachicola River), the concentration of nitrite and nitrate in the pesticide residues around the ACF basin is on the rise. The environmental ecology is worrying. The ACF basin has been escalating water conflicts over the past two decades and the inaction of local governments. The upper reaches of the basin are the main source of water for Atlanta, Georgia, and the lower reaches are agricultural water sources in Alabama and Florida. In recent years, upstream water demand in Georgia has grown rapidly, while downstream agricultural water use remains high. The increase in total water demand has led to a crisis that is once the most developed fishery in the United States. In the face of the current water crisis, the government has not solved the problem in the past two decades. On the contrary, various measures have promoted the phenomenon of plundering water resources such as indiscriminate mining and interception, which has worsened the situation of river dryness. The US Corps (Army Corps) manages the flow of several major reservoirs and hydropower stations in the ACF basin. However, due to the inability to reconcile the upstream and downstream water supply requirements, it does not increase the downstream flow of water in the case of dry river downstream. Eventually, the ecosystem of the ACF Valley Bay Area was devastated. As a result, the balance of the entire ecosystem was destroyed, and many plants and animals were reluctant to survive. However, in the case, the local original product of the Apalachicola River almost disappeared was called the Macrochelys temminckii, which was forced by the human needs at that time. The big snapping turtle has been paralyzed because the number of snapping turtles is large and easy to catch and is the largest meat miner in the world. It has been harvested and processed into canned food and various eating methods. In addition, the reduction in habitats is believed to have caused a significant decline in the number of snapping turtles that have ever been numerous. At the beginning of the 20th century, from the rivers and lakes of the Upper, Middle, and West to the swamps and bays of Florida, Louisiana, and Texas, there were a large number of snapping turtles in the American water system that flowed into the Gulf of Mexico. But recent surveys of snapping turtle populations show that in Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee, the snapping turtles are likely to be extinct. A 2014 study showed that the snapping turtle was considered a species in the earliest cognitive studies, but it was actually divided into three different species and was therefore more endangered than previously thought.
生态面临的威胁：早在美洲原住民居住于阿巴拉契科拉河周边土地时，该地区的生态系统已十分脆弱。1868 年至 1940 年间，水力采矿、金矿开采和伐木活动导致了大规模的森林砍伐。直至今日，在阿巴拉契科拉 – 查塔胡奇 – 弗林特流域（包括阿巴拉契科拉河的 ACF 流域），农药残留物中的亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐浓度持续上升，生态环境令人担忧。过去二十年来，ACF 流域的水资源冲突不断升级，而地方政府却无所作为。该流域上游是佐治亚州亚特兰大市的主要水源，下游则是阿拉巴马州和佛罗里达州的农业用水来源。近年来，佐治亚州上游的用水需求迅速增长，而下游的农业用水量仍居高不下。总用水需求的增加引发了一场危机，曾使该地区拥有美国最发达的渔业。面对当前的水资源危机，政府在过去二十年中未能解决问题。 相反，各种措施助长了滥采和截流等掠夺水资源的现象，加剧了河流干涸的局势。美国陆军工程兵团负责管理阿巴拉契科拉 – 查塔胡奇 – 弗林特（ACF）流域内数座大型水库和水电站的水流。然而，由于无法协调上下游的供水需求，在下游河段出现干涸时，该机构并未增加下泄流量。最终，阿巴拉契科拉河谷湾地区的生态系统遭到毁灭性破坏，整个生态平衡被打破，许多动植物难以生存。在此背景下，阿巴拉契科拉河特有的本土物种——大鳄龟（Macrochelys temminckii）几乎消失殆尽，这主要是当时人类需求所致。大鳄龟因数量庞大、易于捕获，且是世界上体型最大的肉食性龟类，长期被捕捞并加工成罐头食品及各类菜肴，导致其种群陷入瘫痪状态。 此外，栖息地的减少被认为导致了曾经数量众多的鳄龟种群显著下降。20 世纪初，从美国注入墨西哥湾的水系中，包括上段、中段和西段的河流与湖泊，到佛罗里达、路易斯安那和德克萨斯的沼泽与海湾，都曾分布着大量的鳄龟。但近期对鳄龟种群的调查显示，在爱荷华、伊利诺伊、肯塔基、密苏里和田纳西等州，鳄龟可能已经灭绝。2014 年的一项研究表明，鳄龟在早期的分类学研究中被视为单一物种，但实际上它被划分为三个不同的物种，因此其濒危程度比此前认为的更为严重。