马来西亚雪兰莪州的泥炭沼泽森林原生缸造景 19年第23名

Volume: 375 L  容积：375 升
Dimensions: 150x50x50 cm  尺寸：150×50×50 厘米
List of fishes: Sphaerichthys osphromenoides, Trigonostigma heteromorpha, Trichopodus leerii, Trichopsis vittata
鱼类名录：珍珠毛足鲈（Sphaerichthys osphromenoides）、异型三角灯（Trigonostigma heteromorpha）、珍珠丝足鲈（Trichopodus leerii）、条纹搏鱼（Trichopsis vittata）
List of plants: Salvinia, Scirpus sp.
植物名录：槐叶萍（Salvinia）、藨草属（Scirpus sp.）

Description of decorations: The substrate is sand, covered with roots, deadwood and peats. Plants are a decoration used to creation the shore of a swamp. The aquarium operates for two years. Algae and detritus are intentional. DOC is removed by water changes. Fish is healthy and often they reproduce.
装饰描述：底砂为沙质，其上铺设树根、沉木与泥炭。植物作为造景元素，用于营造沼泽岸边的生态环境。该水族箱已稳定运行两年。藻类与有机碎屑为刻意保留的自然组成部分。溶解性有机碳（DOC）通过定期换水去除。鱼类健康状况良好，且频繁繁殖。
Description of equipment: Filtration: Aquael Unimax 700 1700l/h, Lighting: Daylight simulation based on LED modules 150W. DIY, rain simulator.
设备描述：过滤系统：Aquael Unimax 700，流量 1700 升/小时；照明系统：基于 150 瓦 LED 模块的日光模拟装置（自制）；另配有雨水模拟装置。
Water parameters: Temperature is 26°C, pH 5,5, GH – 0 KH – 0-1.
水质参数：温度 26°C，pH 5.5，GH – 0，KH – 0-1。
Additional info: water change once a week 10%.
补充信息：每周换水一次，换水量为 10%。

INFORMATION ABOUT BIOTOPE
关于生物群落的信息

Description of the area surrounding the biotope: Malaysia’s climate is categorised as equatorial, being hot and humid throughout the year. The average rainfall is 250 centimetres (98 in) a year[1] and the average temperature is 27 °C (80.6 °F) Selangor Peat Swamp Forest is located on the flat coastal plains of northwest Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia. With a combined total of 81,304 hectares, Is one of the largest remainingpeat swamp forest in the region, however, over 30 years of intensive timber harvesting has left the once pristine forest, degraded and vulnerable to further environmental threat. Peat swamp forests are tropical moist forests where waterlogged soil prevents dead leaves and wood from fully decomposing. Over time, this creates a thick layer of acidic peat. Peat swamp forests are typically surrounded by lowland rain forests on better-drained soils, and by brackish or salt-water mangrove forests near the coast.
生物栖息地周边环境描述：马来西亚的气候属于赤道气候，全年炎热潮湿。年平均降雨量为 250 厘米（98 英寸）[1]，平均气温为 27°C（80.6°F）。雪兰莪泥炭沼泽森林位于马来半岛雪兰莪州西北部的平坦沿海平原上。总面积达 81,304 公顷，是该地区现存最大的泥炭沼泽森林之一；然而，超过 30 年的高强度木材采伐已使这片曾经原始的森林退化，并使其更容易受到进一步的环境威胁。泥炭沼泽森林是一种热带湿润森林，其积水土壤阻碍了枯叶和木材的完全分解。久而久之，这形成了一层厚厚的酸性泥炭。泥炭沼泽森林通常被排水较好的低地雨林所环绕，而在靠近海岸的区域则毗邻咸淡水或海水红树林。

Description of the underwater landscape of the biotope: The water itself is typically stained brown with humic acids and other chemicals released by decaying organic material, dissolved mineral content is generally negligible and pH as low as 3.0 or 4.0. Substrates are usually littered with fallen leaves, branches and submerged tree roots though in some places aquatic plants from genera such as Cryptocoryne or Barcalaya can be found.
生物群落水下景观描述：水体通常因腐殖酸及其他由腐烂有机物释放的化学物质而呈褐色，溶解矿物质含量通常微乎其微，pH 值可低至 3.0 或 4.0。底质上通常散落着落叶、树枝和淹没的树根，但在某些区域也可发现来自隐棒花属（Cryptocoryne）或巴拉莱亚属（Barcalaya）等的水生植物。

Description of the parameters of the habitat: Temperature 25-30°C, pH 3-6,5 depending on the season.
栖息地参数描述：温度 25–30°C，pH 值 3–6.5，具体数值随季节变化。

List of fishes and invertebrates occurring in the nature biotope: Boraras maculatus, Brevibora cheeya, Cyclocheilichthys apogon, Osteochilus spilurus, Parachela maculicauda, P. oxygastroides, Rasbora einthovenii, R. trilineata, Desmopuntius johorensis, Trigonopoma gracile, T. pauciperforatum, Lepidocephalichthys furcatus, Pangio alcoides, P. semicincta, Kryptopterus macrocephalus, Ompok leiacanthus, Wallago leerii, Hemibagrus nemurus, Pseudomystus leiacanthus, Clarias batrachus, C. meladerma, Parakysis verrucosa, Aplocheilus panchax, Hemirhamphodon pogonognathus, Monopterus albus, Nandus nebulosus, Pristolepis grooti, Betta imbellis, B. waseri, Luciocephalus pulcher, Parosphromenus paludicola, Trichopodus leerii, T. trichopterus, Trichopsis vittata, Channa bankanensis, C. lucius, C. striata.
自然生境中出现的鱼类和无脊椎动物名录：点纹波鱼（Boraras maculatus）、奇亚短肠鱼（Brevibora cheeya）、无须鲃（Cyclocheilichthys apogon）、斑鳍野鲮（Osteochilus spilurus）、斑尾副唇鱼（Parachela maculicauda）、尖吻副唇鱼（P. oxygastroides）、艾氏波鱼（Rasbora einthovenii）、三线波鱼（R. trilineata）、柔佛无须魮（Desmopuntius johorensis）、细身三角波鱼（Trigonopoma gracile）、少孔三角波鱼（T. pauciperforatum）、叉尾鳅（Lepidocephalichthys furcatus）、阿尔科花鳅（Pangio alcoides）、半带花鳅（P. semicincta）、大头缺鳍鲇（Kryptopterus macrocephalus）、光滑油鲇（Ompok leiacanthus）、利氏瓦拉戈鲇（Wallago leerii）、尼氏半鲇（Hemibagrus nemurus）、光滑拟鲿（Pseudomystus leiacanthus）、胡子鲇（Clarias batrachus）、黑鳍胡子鲇（C. meladerma）、疣状副鲿（Parakysis verrucosa）、潘氏单唇鳉（Aplocheilus panchax）、长颌半齿脂鲤（Hemirhamphodon pogonognathus）、白鳝（Monopterus albus）、云斑南鳢（Nandus nebulosus）、格氏普里氏鱼（Pristolepis grooti）、和平斗鱼（Betta imbellis）、瓦瑟斗鱼（B. waseri）、丽头鱼（Luciocephalus pulcher）、沼泽细鲫（Parosphromenus paludicola）、珍珠毛足鲈（Trichopodus leerii）、丝足鲈（T. trichopterus）、条纹搏鱼（Trichopsis vittata）、邦卡鳢（Channa bankanensis）、狗鱼鳢（C. lucius）、条纹鳢（C. striata）。

List of plants found in the nature biotope: Cryptocoryne, Blyxa, Barclaya, Eleocharis, Nymphaea, Pistia, Utricularia, Lymnophila, Salvinia.
自然生境中发现的植物名录：隐棒花属（Cryptocoryne）、水筛属（Blyxa）、芭蕉芋属（Barclaya）、荸荠属（Eleocharis）、睡莲属（Nymphaea）、大薸属（Pistia）、狸藻属（Utricularia）、石龙尾属（Lymnophila）、槐叶萍属（Salvinia）。

Threats to the ecology: Unfortunately vast tracts of primary forest have been altered or lost entirely due to logging, agriculture and other human activities throughout Southeast Asia, with fish habitats in affected regions also heavily-modified in many cases and species diversity declining.
生态面临的威胁：不幸的是，由于整个东南亚地区的伐木、农业及其他人类活动，大片原始森林已被改变或完全消失，受影响区域的鱼类栖息地在许多情况下也遭到严重破坏，物种多样性随之下降。