旅游旺季的海南定安火山冷泉原生缸造景 22年55名

Volume of your aquarium: 320 L
您的水族箱容积：320 升

Dimensions of your aquarium: 100×80×40 cm
您的水族箱尺寸：100×80×40 厘米

List of fishes: Unionidae, Rasbora steineri, Rhodeus ocellatus, Puntius filamentosus, Puntius semifasciolatus
鱼类名录：Unionidae、Rasbora steineri、Rhodeus ocellatus、Puntius filamentosus、Puntius semifasciolatus

List of plants: Sagittaria subulata (L.) Buchenau, Nymphoides peltatum (Gmel.) O.Kuntze, Cyperus malaccensis, Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn, Cyperus helferi
植物名录：针叶慈姑（Sagittaria subulata (L.) Buchenau）、荇菜（Nymphoides peltatum (Gmel.) O.Kuntze）、马来莎草（Cyperus malaccensis）、泽泻（Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn）、赫氏莎草（Cyperus helferi）

Description of Decorations and Substrate: The underwater scenery during this period is very beautiful, just like a natural aquarium. I use Nymphoides peltatum(Gmel.)O.Kuntze inside of Ottelia cordata ，and the water from the river gives a more original effect to the fish tank. The Nymphoides peltatum(Gmel.)O.Kuntze is also distributed locally in Hainan. It grows very luxuriantly and blooms several times. Therefore, manual intervention reduces some quantities to ensure visual effect. The lower Sagittaria subulata (L.) Buchenau grows wantonly and paves a road at the bottom of the pool, which is similar to the visual effect of the habitat. The yellow sand like the habitat is selected as the bottom sand, which is more original. During the growth of plants, some black organic matter is accumulated at the bottom of the water, making the fish tank look closer to the real effect. The local volcanic rocks are more precious. The stream stones in the streams are selected as the main scenery, and the blue background paper is used with the wide cylinder to create a spacious vision.
装饰与底质描述：此时的水下景观十分优美，宛如一个天然水族箱。我在奥特利亚草（Ottelia cordata）丛中搭配了荇菜（Nymphoides peltatum (Gmel.) O.Kuntze），并引入河水，使鱼缸呈现出更原始的自然效果。荇菜在海南本地也有分布，生长极为茂盛且多次开花，因此需通过人工干预适当减少其数量，以确保整体视觉效果。底部的矮慈姑（Sagittaria subulata (L.) Buchenau）肆意蔓延，在池底铺就一条小径，营造出与原生栖息地相似的视觉感受。选用了与栖息地一致的黄色细沙作为底砂，更显自然本色。随着植物生长，水底逐渐积累了一些黑色有机质，使鱼缸更贴近真实生态环境。本地火山岩尤为珍贵，故选取溪流中的溪石作为主景，并配合宽体圆柱形缸体与蓝色背景纸，共同营造出开阔深远的视觉空间。

The choice of fish is Puntius semifasciolatus,Rhodeus ocellatus ，Rasbora steineri and Puntius filamentoand.all of which are some fish in the cold spring. The Puntius filamentosus is added to highlight the changes in the cold spring. The environment is deteriorating and invasive organisms appear. There are still a lot of Puntius semifasciolatus and Rhodeus ocellatus.
选用的鱼类包括五带无须魮（Puntius semifasciolatus）、高体鳑鲏（Rhodeus ocellatus）、斯氏波鱼（Rasbora steineri）以及丝鳍无须魮（Puntius filamentosus），它们均为冷泉中的原生鱼类。其中引入丝鳍无须魮旨在凸显冷泉环境的变迁：随着环境恶化及外来物种的出现，五带无须魮与高体鳑鲏的数量依然众多。

Description of Equipment: Odyssey water grass lamp50w, Trickle box
设备说明：奥德赛水草灯 50W、滴流盒

Water Parameters: Temperature: 23 ~ 25 ℃, Hardness: 5-10dgh, ph：6.3
水质参数：温度 23~25℃，硬度 5-10 dGH，pH 值 6.3

Description of the Area Surrounding the Biotope: Jiuwentang Village is the distribution area of late Pleistocene volcanic rocks, which erupted more than 10,000 years ago to form volcanic platform landform. The volcano is bare and the road is rugged.
生物群落周边环境描述：九问堂村是晚更新世火山岩的分布区，这些火山岩在一万多年前喷发，形成了火山台地地貌。火山裸露，道路崎岖。
The edge of volcanic platform is a steep slope with a height difference of about 10m and a certain slope, which is formed by piling volcanic blocks and becomes the landscape belt of volcanic platform front. Layered volcanic peat is buried in the lower part of it, which is formed by burying the swamp by volcanic lava flow. The peat is gray-black and thin in thickness. With Daotiangou as the boundary and the Middle Pleistocene volcanic rock distribution area on the east, it was formed more than 700,000 years ago, and the surface layer has weathered into laterite, forming two completely different landscapes.
火山台地边缘为陡坡，高差约 10 米，具有一定坡度，由火山块堆积而成，构成火山台前缘的景观带。其下部埋藏有层状火山泥炭，系沼泽被火山熔岩流掩埋形成。该泥炭呈灰黑色，厚度较薄。以稻田沟为界，东侧为中更新世火山岩分布区，形成于 70 多万年前，表层已风化为红壤，从而形成了两种截然不同的地貌景观。

In the exposed areas of volcanic rocks in Hanlin, Longhe, Lingkou and Longmen Town, Ding ‘an, cracks and holes in volcanic rocks are developed with poor continuity. Coupled with the lush vegetation, the water temperature of groundwater supplied by rainfall infiltration is not easy to change, and the original rainfall water temperature is retained. According to the naming standard of mineral springs, mineral springs with water temperature higher than 32 degrees Celsius are “hot springs”, while those with water temperature lower than 25 degrees Celsius are “cold springs”. In tropical areas like Hainan Island, the groundwater temperature is generally 27℃, while in Jiuwentang area, the groundwater temperature is less than 25℃, which is a new discovery of groundwater temperature. Volcanic cold springs are formed by discharging at the edge of volcanic platform. Jiuwentang Village, Longmen Town, is a cold spring with the largest amount of volcanic rocks in Hainan. There are more than 10 springs, with a daily self-discharge of 40,000 cubic meters, which is the largest volcanic cold spring in China.
在定安县翰林、龙河、岭口和龙门镇的火山岩裸露区，火山岩的裂隙和孔洞发育但连通性较差。加之植被茂密，由降雨入渗补给的地下水水温不易变化，从而保留了原始雨水的水温。按照矿泉命名标准，水温高于 32 摄氏度的为“温泉”，低于 25 摄氏度的则为“冷泉”。在海南岛等热带地区，地下水温通常为 27℃，而九温塘区域的地下水温却低于 25℃，这是一项关于地下水温的新发现。火山冷泉形成于火山台地边缘的排泄带。位于龙门镇九温塘村的冷泉是海南火山岩分布最广的冷泉，拥有十余处泉眼，日自流量达 4 万立方米，是中国规模最大的火山冷泉。
Jiuwentang volcano cold spring water is colorless, odorless, clear and transparent, and the perennial water temperature is 23℃ ~ 25℃.
九问塘火山冷泉水无色、无味、清澈透明，常年水温为 23℃～25℃。

Description of the Underwater Landscape of the Biotope: In Ding’an country , Hainan Island, there is a crater formed hundreds of thousands of years ago. Here is a cold spring with the largest flow in China. At the same time, it is also a famous tourist attraction: Ding’an cold spring. The water in the cold spring is clear and shallow, with a temperature of 23 ~ 25 degrees throughout the year. There are national protected plants,Ottelia cordata.And the Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms and Puntius filamentosus invaded by tourism development. There are a large number of native fish, such as Puntius semifasciolatus,Rhodeus ocellatus ，Rasbora steineri and Puntius filamentoand and some unknown Gobiidae .At the same time, there are plants such as Ottelia cordata and Cyperus malaccensis .The spring water is slightly blue. There are many volcanic rocks around it. It is a natural seat. The water temperature is cool.
生物缸水下景观描述：在海南岛定安县，有一个数十万年前形成的火山口。这里拥有中国流量最大的冷泉，同时也是著名的旅游景点——定安冷泉。冷泉水体清澈且较浅，全年水温保持在 23～25 摄氏度。水中生长着国家保护植物海菜花（Ottelia cordata），同时也因旅游开发而入侵了凤眼莲（Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms）和丝鳍小鲃（Puntius filamentosus）。本地鱼类资源丰富，包括条纹小鲃（Puntius semifasciolatus）、斑纹鳑鲏（Rhodeus ocellatus）、施氏波鱼（Rasbora steineri）、丝鳍小鲃（Puntius filamentosa）以及一些未知的虾虎鱼科（Gobiidae）物种。此外，还有海菜花（Ottelia cordata）和马六甲莎草（Cyperus malaccensis）等植物。泉水略带蓝色，周围遍布火山岩，形成天然的休憩之所，水温清凉宜人。

Description of the Habitat Parameters: water is transparent，PH5.3，ph：6.0－6.5
栖息地参数描述：水体透明，pH 值为 5.3，酸碱度范围：6.0－6.5

List of Fishes and Invertebrates Occurring in the Nature Biotope: Unionidae
自然生境中出现的鱼类和无脊椎动物名录：蚌科
Rasbora steineri  斯氏波鱼
Rhodeus ocellatus  眼斑鳑鲏
Puntius filamentosus  丝鳍无须魮
Puntius semifasciolatus  条纹小鲃
Oreochromis mossambicus  莫桑比克罗非鱼
Cyprinus carpio

List of Plants Found in the Nature Biotope: Sagittaria subulata (L.) Buchenau
原生栖息地中发现的植物列表：小慈姑 (Sagittaria subulata (L.) Buchenau)
Nymphoides peltatum(Gmel.)O.Kuntze
荇菜 (Nymphoides peltatum (Gmel.) O.Kuntze)
Cyperus malaccensis  马来莎草
Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn
泽泻（Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn）
Ottelia cordata  心叶海菜花（Ottelia cordata）

Threats to the Ecology of the Biotope: Countless tourists come here to play in the water every year, which also leads to the deterioration of the environment every year.Brought many exotic invasive fish such as tilapia and Puntius filamentosus
对该生境生态的威胁：每年都有无数游客前来戏水，导致环境逐年恶化。此外，还引入了许多外来入侵鱼类，如罗非鱼和丝鳍无须魮。