缅甸克钦邦因多吉湖被淹没的浅水边缘原生缸造景22年52名

Volume of aquarium: 38 liters
水族箱容积：38 升

Dimensions of aquarium: 46x36x23 cm
水族箱尺寸：46x36x23 厘米

List of fishes: Indostomus paradoxus
鱼类名录：Indostomus paradoxus

List of plants: Salvinia cucculata, Pistia stratiotes, Spirogyra, Eleocharis sp.
植物名录：Salvinia cucculata、Pistia stratiotes、Spirogyra、Eleocharis sp.

Description of Decorations and Substrate: Collected driftwoods, roots and branches. I added reeds which can be found alongshore. White sand covered with decomposed leaves and reed scraps to imitate the dark colored basin of the lake.
装饰与底砂描述：收集的沉木、树根和树枝。我添加了可在湖岸找到的芦苇。白色底砂上覆盖着腐烂的叶片和芦苇碎屑，以模拟湖泊深色的盆地环境。

Description of Equipment: hang on back filter SUNSUN HBL-301 300 l/h, LED lamps 2×10 W, 6500 K
设备描述：外挂式过滤器 SUNSUN HBL-301（流量 300 升/小时），LED 灯具 2×10 瓦，色温 6500 K。

Water Parameters: Temperature: 24°C
水质参数：温度：24°C
Ph: 7  pH 值：7
gh:10
kH: 3

Additional Info: I used the algae collected from the local lake to make this setup. Because of the algae I supplemented the original lighting with a plus lamp and as it can be seen it works fine.
补充信息：我使用了从当地湖泊采集的藻类来构建这个水族箱。由于藻类的存在，我在原有照明基础上增加了一盏补光灯，从效果来看运行良好。

Aquarium video:  水族箱视频：

https://disk.yandex.com/i/F1pYNSFK0K84jQ

Description of the Area Surrounding the Biotope: Coordinates: 25°08’34” N, 96°20’02” E.
生物栖息地周边环境描述：坐标：北纬 25°08’34″，东经 96°20’02″。
The Indawgyi Lake is located in Mo-Thyin Township, Myitkyina District, Kachin State in North Myanmar that is 23,8 km long, and the maximum width is around 10 km. Indawgyi Lake is a quite deep lake which in some places reaches the 22 m depth. During the rainy season the lake can expand 5-10 m laterally and the low-lying areas near the lake are flooded. The most significant rivers flowing into the lake are the Nam Yin Hka, Nam San Da, and Na Mun Chuang, and the largest river flowing out is Indaw Chuang. The bedrock in this area is dominated by granite and gneiss, which is covered with several meters of alluvial soil. The lake’s substrate is mostly silt covered with leaf litter and rotten parts of the vegetation. The lake is covered with dense vegetation and has a rich flora and fauna. More than 20 aquatic macrophytes were recorded in Indawgyi Lake for example Ceratophyllum demersum, Najas indica, Utricularia aurea, Vallisneria spiralis and Nymphoides indica. The dominant plants are the free-floating species like Salvinia cucullata, Eichhornia crassipes or Pistia stratiotes. The Indawgyi Lake is also rich in fish species, which provide the most important source of food for the locals who use traditional fishing methods. The presence of phytoplankton, cyanobacteria and various algae species is also significant which provide food and hiding place for different fish species.
因多吉湖位于缅甸北部克钦邦密支那县莫廷镇，全长 23.8 公里，最大宽度约 10 公里。因多吉湖是一个相当深的湖泊，部分区域水深可达 22 米。雨季期间，湖面可横向扩展 5–10 米，湖畔低洼地带随之被淹没。注入该湖的主要河流有南因卡河（Nam Yin Hka）、南桑达河（Nam San Da）和纳蒙川河（Na Mun Chuang），而最大的流出河流是因多川河（Indaw Chuang）。该地区基岩以花岗岩和片麻岩为主，其上覆盖着数米厚的冲积土壤。湖底基质主要为淤泥，表面覆有落叶层及腐烂的植物残体。湖区植被茂密，动植物资源丰富。在因多吉湖已记录到 20 多种大型水生植物，例如金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum demersum）、印度茨藻（Najas indica）、黄花狸藻（Utricularia aurea）、螺旋水车前（Vallisneria spiralis）和印度荇菜（Nymphoides indica）。优势植物为漂浮种类，如勺叶槐叶蘋（Salvinia cucullata）、凤眼莲（Eichhornia crassipes）或大薸（Pistia stratiotes）。 因道基湖也拥有丰富的鱼类资源，为采用传统捕鱼方式的当地居民提供了最重要的食物来源。浮游植物、蓝细菌以及各种藻类的存在同样至关重要，它们为不同鱼类提供了食物和藏身之处。

Description of the Underwater Landscape of the Biotope: The bed of the lake has got different depths, the bottom is typically clayey with rich submerges macrophytes. There is also abundant riparian vegetation along the coast, especially in the floodplain areas, and in addition numerous species of green algae can be found in the lake. The leaves and branches of trees and bushes along the lake fall into the water and provide a great hiding place for smaller fish.
生物群落水下景观描述：湖床深度各异，底部通常为黏土质，并生长着茂密的沉水大型水生植物。沿岸尤其是洪泛区地带植被繁茂，此外湖中还分布着多种绿藻。沿湖树木与灌木的枝叶落入水中，为小型鱼类提供了极佳的藏身之所。

Description of the Habitat Parameters: Water is transparent. The temperature is between 21°C and 31°C, but it depends on the season and the depth of the water. The pH varies from 6.8 to 7.2. Water hardness is also varied since many rivers flow into the lake: total hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l) is between 60 and 130.
栖息地参数描述：水质清澈透明。水温介于 21°C 至 31°C 之间，具体取决于季节和水深。pH 值在 6.8 至 7.2 范围内波动。由于有多条河流汇入湖泊，水体硬度亦有所变化：以 CaCO3 计的总硬度（mg/l）介于 60 至 130 之间。

List of Fishes and Invertebrates Occurring in the Nature Biotope: Parasphaerichthys ocellatus, Parasphaerichthys lineatus, Laubuka laubuca, Dario hysginon
自然生境中出现的鱼类和无脊椎动物名录：眼点拟斗鱼（Parasphaerichthys ocellatus）、线纹拟斗鱼（Parasphaerichthys lineatus）、拉布卡鳑鲏（Laubuka laubuca）、红蓝曼龙（Dario hysginon）

List of Plants Found in the Nature Biotope: Ceratophyllum demersum (cosmopolitan) , Hydrilla verticillata, Najas indica, Najas minor, Utricularis gibba, Utricularia aurea, Ottelia alismoides, Trapa natans, Eichornia crassipes (invasive, native to South America), Pistia stratiotes (cosmopolitan), Lemna minor (cosmopolitan), Salvinia cucullata
自然生境中发现的植物名录：金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum demersum，世界广布种）、轮叶黑藻（Hydrilla verticillata）、印度茨藻（Najas indica）、小茨藻（Najas minor）、弯距狸藻（Utricularis gibba）、黄花狸藻（Utricularia aurea）、水车前（Ottelia alismoides）、菱角（Trapa natans）、凤眼莲（Eichornia crassipes，入侵物种，原产南美洲）、大薸（Pistia stratiotes，世界广布种）、浮萍（Lemna minor，世界广布种）、槐叶萍（Salvinia cucullata）

Threats to the Ecology of the Biotope: Due to the expansion of humans, countless natural habitat are in danger today. I think one of the best ways to prevent from happening is to raise awareness, that’s why I chose Indawgyi Lake. It has rich culture, flora and fauna that is worth to know and protect. This lake is one of the largest lakes in Asia, and it contains three Critically Endangered (CR) and two Endangered (EN) bird species, like Gyps bengalensis and Gyps tenuirostris. Indawgyi Lake contains one endemic turtle Nilssonia formosa and at least three endemic fish species: Barbus sewelli, Barbus myitkyinae and Indostomus paradoxus. The biggest problem is that the migrants (whoes settled down in the 1990s) do commercial fishing which is endanger the livelihood of indigenous people, the species of fish native to the lake and the survival of water birds. They often use illegal methods, for example fishing during the closed (breeding) season and electric fishing. This threat has been largely addressed through a public awareness campaign and the introduction of community managed fishing free zones. In 2012, the annual fish auction was canceled by the regional government because it had been abused by reselling fishing rights to many fishermen who fished intensively and often tried to settle illegally. The other big problem is gold mining in the area, which does not take place directly along the lake, but along the rivers that flow into the lake. Due to hydraulic mines, mercury and sediment rate rise in the lake which delivered by the rivers that flow into the lake. This leads to a deterioration of water quality that could endanger the whole ecosystem of Indawgyi Lake. Eco tourism can be a solution that would provide livelihoods for the locals, and can protect the wildlife around the lake.
该生物群落生态面临的威胁：由于人类活动的扩张，如今无数自然栖息地正面临危险。我认为防止这种情况发生的最佳途径之一是提高公众意识，这也是我选择因多吉湖的原因。这里拥有丰富的文化、动植物资源，值得人们了解与保护。因多吉湖是亚洲最大的湖泊之一，栖息着三种极危（CR）和两种濒危（EN）鸟类，如白背兀鹫（Gyps bengalensis）和细嘴兀鹫（Gyps tenuirostris）。湖中分布有一种特有龟类——缅甸缘板鳖（Nilssonia formosa），以及至少三种特有鱼类：塞氏魮（Barbus sewelli）、密支那魮（Barbus myitkyinae）和奇异印多鱼（Indostomus paradoxus）。最严重的问题在于，20 世纪 90 年代迁入并定居的移民从事商业捕捞，这不仅危及当地原住民的生计，也威胁到湖中本土鱼类物种及水鸟的生存。他们常采用非法手段，例如在禁渔期（繁殖季）捕鱼和使用电鱼设备。目前，这一威胁已通过公众宣传运动以及设立由社区管理的禁渔区得到了较大程度的缓解。 2012 年，由于捕鱼权被转售给众多进行高强度捕捞且常试图非法定居的渔民，导致该年度鱼类拍卖活动被地方政府取消。另一大问题是该地区的金矿开采，虽然并非直接沿湖进行，但却发生在流入湖泊的河流沿岸。受水力采矿影响，经由入湖河流输送的汞和沉积物含量在湖中上升，导致水质恶化，可能危及因道基湖的整个生态系统。生态旅游或许能成为解决方案，既可为当地居民提供生计，又能保护湖区周边的野生动物。