巴西皮安科河回水区原生缸造景 22年37名

Volume of aquarium: 70 L
水族箱容积：70 升

Dimensions of aquarium: 60*30*40 cm
水族箱尺寸：60*30*40 厘米

List of fishes: Pipa corvalho, Hemigrammus ocelifer
鱼类名录：Pipa corvalho、Hemigrammus ocelifer

List of plants: Echinodorus quadricostatus, Vallisneria sp., Eleocharis acicularis, Cabomba caroliniana, Ludwigia sp., Limnobium laevigatum, Pistia stratiotes
植物名录：Echinodorus quadricostatus、Vallisneria sp.、Eleocharis acicularis、Cabomba caroliniana、Ludwigia sp.、Limnobium laevigatum、Pistia stratiotes

Description of Decorations and Substrate:Decotop Borneo driftwood, JBL Sansibar DARK decorative primer, small alder branches, DECOTOP guava leaves.
装饰与底床描述：Decotop 婆罗洲沉木、JBL Sansibar DARK 装饰底砂、小型桤木枝条、DECOTOP 番石榴叶。

Description of Equipment: Tetronic LED ProLine 580, AQUAEL Turbo 500
设备描述：Tetronic LED ProLine 580、AQUAEL Turbo 500

Water Parameters: t 27°C, pH 7, gH 5
水质参数：温度 27°C，pH 7，总硬度 5

Additional Info:The Corvalho pipas presented in the amphibian biotope are of scientific interest from the point of view of their reproduction process.
补充信息：两栖动物生物缸中展示的科瓦略负子蟾因其繁殖过程而具有科学研究价值。
After fertilization of the eggs, the male presses them with his abdomen into the back of the female, laying them in rows. In total, there are from 50 to 200 eggs in a clutch. A few hours after laying, a gray porous mass forms on the back of the female, in which the eggs are sunk, then molting occurs. Tadpoles at room temperature mature in 2 weeks. The tadpoles emerge from their shell unevenly; at the time of birth they are 1 cm long, have a spherical body and a transparent tail. They feed on bacteria and ciliates. The transformation into a frog occurs two months after birth. After the release of all the tadpoles, the frog molts a second time and is ready to mate again.
卵受精后，雄性用腹部将卵压入雌性背部，排列成行。每窝卵总数为 50 至 200 枚。产卵数小时后，雌性背部会形成一层灰色多孔物质，卵嵌入其中，随后发生蜕皮。在室温下，蝌蚪约两周成熟。蝌蚪破壳时间不一，出生时体长约 1 厘米，身体呈球形，尾部透明。它们以细菌和纤毛虫为食。出生后两个月完成变态成为幼蛙。所有蝌蚪释放完毕后，雌蛙会再次蜕皮，并准备重新交配。
Corvalho pipas can be kept with calm fish that are proportionate to it, because in nature they feed mainly on invertebrates, and therefore, with regular feeding, they do not show interest in such a neighborhood.
科瓦略负子蟾可与性情温和且体型相称的鱼类混养，因为它们在自然环境中主要以无脊椎动物为食，因此在规律投喂的情况下，不会对这类邻居表现出兴趣。

Description of the Area Surrounding the Biotope: The Brazilian river Rio Pianco (450 km) flows in the western part of the state of Paraiba. It is born in the foothills of the mountain range that separates the states of Paraiba, Pernambuco and Ceara, and, after passing through the dam, flows into the Azuda de Coremas reservoir, which supplies water to dozens of municipalities, including the city of Coremas. From there it joins the Piranha Asu system, which is still in Paraiba territory. The Rio Pianco basin covers an area of ​​5,683 km². Due to its proximity to the equator, the state of Paraiba has a warm climate, with an annual rainfall of less than 800 mm, with high temperatures throughout the year. Like most rivers in the Brazilian semi-arid region, the Rio Pianco is not naturally permanent. During the rainy season, when the water level rises in the river, sparse forests are flooded. In the area where the river flows, north of the city of Koremas, hills and lowlands alternate. Along the coast, in wetlands, there are large accumulations of aquatic plants, near the water – thickets of shrubs and low trees (in the state of Paraiba, representatives of the subfamilies Ajugoideae and Viticoideae (Lamiaceae) are most common).
生物群落周边环境描述：巴西皮安科河（全长 450 公里）流经帕拉伊巴州西部。它发源于分隔帕拉伊巴州、伯南布哥州和塞阿拉州的山脉山麓，流经一座水坝后注入科雷马斯水库（Açude de Coremas），该水库为包括科雷马斯市在内的数十个市镇供水。此后，河流汇入仍位于帕拉伊巴州境内的皮兰哈阿苏水系。皮安科河流域面积达 5,683 平方公里。由于靠近赤道，帕拉伊巴州气候温暖，年降雨量不足 800 毫米，全年气温较高。与巴西半干旱地区的大多数河流一样，皮安科河并非常年性自然河流。在雨季，当河流水位上涨时，稀疏的森林会被淹没。在科雷马斯市以北的河段流经区域，丘陵与低地交错分布。 沿海岸的湿地中，水生植物大量聚集；近水处则分布着茂密的灌木和低矮乔木丛（在帕拉伊巴州，唇形科下的筋骨草亚科和牡荆亚科代表物种最为常见）。

Description of the Underwater Landscape of the Biotope: The water in shallow swampy backwaters near the wooded shores is not entirely transparent, has a brown-sandy color, the bottom is sandy, silty, covered with snags, branches and leaves. In such pools there is an abundance of aquatic plants.
生物群落水下景观描述：靠近林木岸边的浅水沼泽回水区，水质并非完全透明，呈棕黄色并带有沙质感；底部为沙质或淤泥质，散布着沉木、树枝和落叶。此类水塘中水生植物极为丰富。

Description of the Habitat Parameters: t 27-30°C, pH 6-7.
栖息地参数描述：水温 27–30°C，pH 值 6–7。

List of Fishes and Invertebrates Occurring in the Nature Biotope: Pipa corvalho, Hemigrammus ocelifer, Anchoviella lepidentostole, Awaous tajasica, Poecilia reticulata.
该自然生物群落中出现的鱼类和无脊椎动物名录：Pipa corvalho、Hemigrammus ocelifer、Anchoviella lepidentostole、Awaous tajasica、Poecilia reticulata。

List of Plants Found in the Nature Biotope: Echinodorus quadricostatus, Vallisneria sp., Eleocharis acicularis, Cabomba caroliniana, Ludwigia sp., Limnobium laevigatum, Pistia stratiotes, Lemna minor, Eichhornia crassipes, Nymphaea sp.
自然生境中发现的植物名录：四肋皇冠草（Echinodorus quadricostatus）、苦草属（Vallisneria sp.）、针蔺（Eleocharis acicularis）、卡罗莱纳狐尾藻（Cabomba caroliniana）、丁香蓼属（Ludwigia sp.）、光滑槐叶萍（Limnobium laevigatum）、大薸（Pistia stratiotes）、浮萍（Lemna minor）、凤眼莲（Eichhornia crassipes）、睡莲属（Nymphaea sp.）。

Threats to the Ecology of the Biotope: 
该生境生态面临的威胁：

1. Human intervention in connection with his agricultural activities contributed to the almost complete disappearance of the tugai forests that once covered the river coast.
1. 人类农业活动导致曾经覆盖河岸的胡杨林几乎完全消失。
2. The Rio Pianco River in the region of the municipality of Pombal receives polluted sewage. According to the results of a microbiological water quality analysis conducted in 2016, a high concentration of E. coli (> 898 to > 1100 UFC 100 ml-1) was found in the waters of the river at all sampling points. The condition of the Rio Pianco, especially in the area bordering the city of Pombal, is extremely critical and exceeds the restrictions of the current Brazilian legislation regarding drinking and bathing conditions, and also poses a threat to the existence of aquatic organisms.
2. 位于蓬巴尔市（Pombal）区域的皮安科河（Rio Pianco）接纳了受污染的污水。根据 2016 年进行的微生物水质分析结果，在所有采样点的河水中均检测到高浓度的大肠杆菌（>898 至>1100 CFU/100 毫升）。皮安科河的状况，尤其是毗邻蓬巴尔市的河段，极为严峻，已超出巴西现行立法关于饮用水和沐浴用水的限制标准，并对水生生物的生存构成威胁。