巴西里约黑河的清澈水域原生鱼缸造景 19年134名

Volume: 468 L  容积：468 升
Dimensions: 130x60x60 cm  尺寸：130x60x60 厘米
List of fishes: Pterophyllum scalare, Paracheirodon innesi, Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi, Xiphophorus hellerii, Hyphessobrycon sweglesi, Corydoras aeneus, Ancistrus dolichopterus
鱼类清单：Pterophyllum scalare、Paracheirodon innesi、Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi、Xiphophorus hellerii、Hyphessobrycon sweglesi、Corydoras aeneus、Ancistrus dolichopterus
List of plants: Vallisneria spiralis, Ludwigia repens, Nymphaea lotus, Cryptocoryne wendtii, Echinodorus “Ozelot”
植物清单：Vallisneria spiralis、Ludwigia repens、Nymphaea lotus、Cryptocoryne wendtii、Echinodorus “Ozelot”

Description of decorations: Quartz sand selected under Biotop with a slight shade of red, stones, roots selected and arranged in the most natural way, oak leaves to add a more realistic look to Biotope.
装饰描述：在生物群落下精选的带有淡红色调的石英砂，石头、根系经过挑选并以最自然的方式布置，橡树叶用于增添更真实的生物群落外观。
Description of equipment: Jbl e900 -900l/h , EHEIM 11245 – 1000l/h , heater – 200w , 100w , LED lighting 3x 30 w – 2400lm / 6500k.
设备说明：Jbl e900 – 900 升/小时，EHEIM 11245 – 1000 升/小时，加热器 – 200W，100W，LED 照明 3x30W – 2400 流明 / 6500K。
Water parameters: Temperature is 27*C Ph-6,5 , Ca~35mg/l , Mg~10mg/l , NO3~5-10mg/l , PO4~0.6-1.2mg/l.
水质参数：温度 27°C，pH 6.5，Ca~35mg/l，Mg~10mg/l，NO3~5-10mg/l，PO4~0.6-1.2mg/l。
Additional info: Co 2  附加信息：CO2

INFORMATION ABOUT BIOTOPE
关于生物群落的信息

Description of the area surrounding the biotope: Floodplains – these are naturally flat areas located along the main stream of the Amazon River and its tributaries in the Amazon Basin, which are flooded twice a year during the rainy season. These areas are covered by wet equatorial forests, also known as tropical forest or rainforest. The rainy season lasts about 200 days a year. Then the width of the river reaches about 48 km, its level increases by 15 meters, and floodplains can reach up to 70 km from its shore. So even 100,000 km2 of forests are flooded. These floods enrich the soil of forests with fertile mules and sediments, and the huge migration of animals – including fish. These conditions forced animals and plants to adapt to them. Hence the tangle of supporting roots in trees, adaptation of fish to cracking nuts (large mouths and powerful jaws, eg in piranhas), adaptation of fish to life in an environment poor in oxygen (intestinal breathing eg in crayfish), etc. The appearance of water from flooded areas varies depending on the type of ground and along with their distance from the main riverbed. The greater this distance, the floodplains are richer in vegetation, more transparent, filled with alternating layers of thick and small sediments, covered with a thick layer of forest litter. Due to the large amount of organic matter and a high degree of its distribution and decreasing water movement, the amount of oxygen decreases with the distance from the mainstream. The type of substrate affects, and the type of vegetation. Floodplains basically constitute the entire system of islands, side channels, dams and floodplain lakes to which fish are transferred along with a flood wave. These calmer, warmer waters, with greater electrical conductivity, ensuring the richness of food are used by animals for reproduction.
关于原生生境周围区域的描述：泛滥平原——这些是位于亚马逊流域亚马逊河及其支流主河道沿岸的天然平坦地区，每年在雨季会被淹没两次。这些地区被湿润的赤道森林覆盖，也称为热带森林或雨林。雨季每年约持续 200 天。此时河宽可达约 48 公里，水位上升约 15 米，泛滥平原可从河岸延伸到约 70 公里。因此甚至有 10 万平方公里的森林被淹没。这些洪水通过肥沃的淤泥和沉积物使森林的土壤变得肥沃，并引发大量动物迁徙——包括鱼类。这些条件迫使动植物对其进行适应。因此树木出现了盘根错节以支撑，鱼类适应劈开坚果（如食人鱼具有大嘴和强壮下颌），鱼类适应低氧环境生活（如某些小龙虾具有肠呼吸）等。来自被淹没地区的水的外观会根据底质类型以及离主河床的距离而有所不同。 洪泛平原距主流越远，植被越丰富，水体越清澈，沉积物呈厚薄交替的层状，覆盖着厚厚的林下枯落物。由于有机质含量高且分布广泛，加之水体流动减弱，氧气含量随着距主流的增加而减少。底质类型影响植被类型。洪泛平原基本上构成了包括岛屿、支流、堤坝和随洪峰而被转移鱼类的泛滥湖泊在内的整个系统。 这些更平缓、更温暖、电导率更高的水域，为动物繁殖提供了丰富的食物。

Description of the underwater landscape of the biotope: Clearwater – rivers that are no different from the rivers known to us – have a blue-green color, high transparency. They are characterized by a strong current, which, however, slightly rinsing out the sediments from the sparingly soluble substrate. These types of rivers are found mainly in the Brazilian Upland, including the following tributaries of the Amazon River: Rio Tapajos, Rio Xingu, Rio Aripuana and Rio Ji-Parana (tributaries of the Rio Madeira River). Floodplains within these rivers are characterized by low fertility (sandy soils) and locally are called igapos.
生境水下景观描述：清水——与我们所熟悉的河流并无二致——呈蓝绿色，透明度高。它们的特点是水流湍急，但因基质溶解性低，流水对沉积物的冲刷较轻微。这类河流主要分布在巴西高地，包括亚马孙河的以下支流：塔帕若斯河（Rio Tapajos）、辛古河（Rio Xingu）、阿里普阿纳河（Rio Aripuana）和吉帕拉纳河（Rio Ji-Parana）（马黛拉河的支流）。这些河流中的泛滥平原以肥力低下（沙质土壤）为特征，在局部被称为 igapos。

Description of the parameters of the habitat: The Amazon and its tributaries can be divided into five different types of watercourses, which differ in terms of water color, ecological properties and organisms that occur there. In addition to these types, there are a large number of rivers, streams and tributaries with mixed features that can not be clearly classified. The first scientific classification of Amazonian waters was developed in 1950 by Sioli, who used the following parameters to organize the hydrological features of these waters: the color of water, its transparency, pH and electrical conductivity. In this way, he specified white (whitewater), blackwater (blackwater) and clearwater (whitewater). These types are the determinant for aquarists from around the world in the creation of aquariums about the South American biotope.
栖息地参数说明：亚马孙河及其支流可分为五种不同类型的水道，这些水道在水色、生态特性以及其中生存的生物方面各不相同。除了这些类型外，还有大量具有混合特征、无法明确定类的河流、溪流和支流。亚马孙水域的首个科学分类由西奥利（Sioli）于 1950 年提出，他使用以下参数来组织这些水域的水文特征：水的颜色、透明度、pH 值和电导率。由此，他将其划分为白色（白水）、黑色（黑水）和清水（清水）。这些类型成为全世界水族爱好者在创建关于南美生物群系的水族箱时的决定性参考。

List of fishes and invertebrates occurring in the nature biotope: purpurea: Poecilia reticulata (guppy), Phalloceros caudimaculatus (viviparous phlebitis); backbone: Sartor respectus, Abramites hypselonotus (marbled slash), Leporinus falcipinnis, Leporinus maculatus, Leporinus desmotes; tetras: Gasteropelecus sternicla (silver trout); Angiosperms: Hyphessobrycon cachimbensis, Moenkhausia heikoi, Astyanax guianensis, Hyphessobrycon heliacus, Hyphessobrycon loweae, Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus (three-cornered thrust), Microschemobrycon elongatus, Inpaichthys kerri (neon blue); Auchenipteridae: Tatia intermedia; pirates: Ossubtus xinguense, Myleus schomburgkii (striped piranha), Myleus setiger, Metynnis maculatus, Acnodon normani; Erythrinidae: Hoplias curupira; spearmers: Corydoras apiaka, Corydoras bifasciatus, Corydoras gracilis (brown crabs), Corydoras ornatus, Corydoras xinguensi; redfish: Ancistrus ranunculus, Baryancistrus chrysolomus (L-047), Baryancistrus xanthellus (L-018 collector), Harttia dissidens, Hypostomus soniae (L-137 collector), Hypancistrus zebra (zebra zebra, L-046 collector), Leporacanthicus joselimai ( collector L-264), Oligancistrus punctatissimus, Parancistrus nudiventris (L-031, L-176, L-300), Peckoltia compta (L-134), Peckoltia feldbergae, Scobinancistrus aureatus (L-014 collector), Scobinancistrus pariolispos ( collector L-048), Spectracanthicus murinus, Spectracanthicus zuanoni (L-354 collector), Panaque armbrusteri (L-027 collector), Panaque nigrolineatus (black-striped fish, L-190 collector), Pterygoplichthys joselimaianus (L-001 ); fricidae: Tenellus ternetzi; cichlid: Aequidens epae, Aequidens michael, Apistogramma arua, Cichla kelberi, Cichla melaniae, Cichla pinima, Crenicichla percna, Chaetobranchopsis orbicularis, Geophagus altifrons, Geophagus argyrostictus, Symphysodon aequifasciatus (green discus), Teleocichla centisquama, Teleocichla prionogenys, Teleocichla proselytus, Dicrossus filamentosus (Cichlid perch), Krobia xinguensis, Heros severus, Uaru amphiacanthoides (royal uaru, uaru cichlid), Pterophyllum scalare (scalarfish), Mikrogeophagus altispinosus (Bolivian cichlid), Biotodoma cupido, Satanoperca jurupari; Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygon leopoldi, Potamotrygon orbignyi; Hemiodontidae: Hemiodus gracilis (slender coryneform).
自然生境中出现的鱼类和无脊椎动物列表：purpurea：Poecilia reticulata（孔雀鱼），Phalloceros caudimaculatus（胎生小虾虎）；backbone：Sartor respectus，Abramites hypselonotus（大理石斜纹鱼），Leporinus falcipinnis，Leporinus maculatus，Leporinus desmotes；鲑科：Gasteropelecus sternicla（银鲢）；被子植物：Hyphessobrycon cachimbensis，Moenkhausia heikoi，Astyanax guianensis，Hyphessobrycon heliacus，Hyphessobrycon loweae，Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus（三角突刺），Microschemobrycon elongatus，Inpaichthys kerri（霓虹蓝）；Auchenipteridae：Tatia intermedia；pirates：Ossubtus xinguense，Myleus schomburgkii（条纹食人鱼），Myleus setiger，Metynnis maculatus，Acnodon normani；Erythrinidae：Hoplias curupira；刺鳅类：Corydoras apiaka，Corydoras bifasciatus，Corydoras gracilis（褐蟹），Corydoras ornatus，Corydoras xinguensi；红鱼：Ancistrus ranunculus，Baryancistrus chrysolomus（L-047），Baryancistrus xanthellus（L-018 收藏者），Harttia dissidens，Hypostomus soniae（L-137 收藏者），Hypancistrus zebra（斑马，L-046 收藏者），Leporacanthicus joselimai（收藏者 L-264），Oligancistrus punctatissimus， Parancistrus nudiventris (L-031, L-176, L-300)、Peckoltia compta (L-134)、Peckoltia feldbergae、Scobinancistrus aureatus (L-014 采集者)、Scobinancistrus pariolispos (采集者 L-048)、Spectracanthicus murinus、Spectracanthicus zuanoni (L-354 采集者)、Panaque armbrusteri (L-027 采集者)、Panaque nigrolineatus（黑条纹鱼，L-190 采集者）、Pterygoplichthys joselimaianus (L-001)；鳉科：Tenellus ternetzi；慈鲷科：Aequidens epae、Aequidens michael、Apistogramma arua、Cichla kelberi、Cichla melaniae、Cichla pinima、Crenicichla percna、Chaetobranchopsis orbicularis、Geophagus altifrons、Geophagus argyrostictus、Symphysodon aequifasciatus（绿神仙）、Teleocichla centisquama、Teleocichla prionogenys、Teleocichla proselytus、Dicrossus filamentosus（丝状慈鲷）、Krobia xinguensis、Heros severus、Uaru amphiacanthoides（皇家乌 aru、uaru 慈鲷）、Pterophyllum scalare（高背鱼）、Mikrogeophagus altispinosus（玻利维亚慈鲷）、Biotodoma cupido、Satanoperca jurupari；淡水魟科：Potamotrygon leopoldi、Potamotrygon orbignyi；Hemiodontidae：Hemiodus gracilis（细长拟鲶形）。

List of plants found in the nature biotope: Alternanthera aquatica (Alternatera aquatic), Bacopa australis, Bacopa lanigera (Helminth), Ceratopteris thalictroides, Cuphea anagalloidea (Rotala araguaia), Echinodorus decumbens, Echinodorus inpai, Echinodorus macrophyllus, Great Echinodorus (Great Frog), Echinodorus palaefolius, Echinodorus paniculatus, Eleocharis acicularis, Eleocharis sp. “Xingu”, Hedyotis salzmanii, Lilaeopsis macloviana, Ludwigia helminthorrhiza, Mayaca fluviatilis, Staurogyne stolonifera, Tonina fluviatilis (River Tonina); mosses: Ceratopteris richardii, Azolla cristata, Leptodictyum riparium.
自然生境中发现的植物清单：Alternanthera aquatica (Alternatera aquatic)、Bacopa australis、Bacopa lanigera (Helminth)、Ceratopteris thalictroides、Cuphea anagalloidea (Rotala araguaia)、Echinodorus decumbens、Echinodorus inpai、Echinodorus macrophyllus、Great Echinodorus (Great Frog)、Echinodorus palaefolius、Echinodorus paniculatus、Eleocharis acicularis、Eleocharis sp. “Xingu”、Hedyotis salzmanii、Lilaeopsis macloviana、Ludwigia helminthorrhiza、Mayaca fluviatilis、Staurogyne stolonifera、Tonina fluviatilis (River Tonina)；苔藓类：Ceratopteris richardii、Azolla cristata、Leptodictyum riparium。

Threats to the ecology: The greatest threat to the Amazon River is the Human.
对生态的威胁：对亚马逊河最大的威胁是人类。