巴西亚马逊德米尼河附近的小溪原生缸造景 19年96名

Volume: 194 L  水体容积：194 升
Dimensions: 100x45x45 cm  尺寸：100×45×45 厘米

List of fishes: Paracheirodon axelrodi, Paracheirodon axelrodi var.，Nannostomus marginatus, Hyphessobrycon paepkei, Hyphessobrycon sp., Hyphessobrycon sp. var., Apistogramma bitaeniata, Hyphessobrycon amapaensis, Hyphessobrycon notidanos. (Here I would like to apologize for the inappropriate existence of Hyphessobrycon amapaensis and Hyphessobrycon notidanos in my aquarium, which are not native to the biotope I tried to recreate. I am a tetra fan and I try to collect those species I admire, yet some of the species are not naturally distributed in the same biotope. Hyphessobrycon amapaensis is native to Amapa in Brazil while Hyphessobrycon notidanos is native to Tabajos basin. I planned to take them out before I took pictures, but I gave this thought up as I didn’t want to interrupt their comfortable life in this water and cause panic among other fishes.)
鱼类名录：宝莲灯鱼（Paracheirodon axelrodi）、宝莲灯鱼变种（Paracheirodon axelrodi var.）、边缘铅笔鱼（Nannostomus marginatus）、帕普克氏魮脂鲤（Hyphessobrycon paepkei）、魮脂鲤属未定种（Hyphessobrycon sp.）、魮脂鲤属未定种变种（Hyphessobrycon sp. var.）、双线短鲷（Apistogramma bitaeniata）、阿马帕魮脂鲤（Hyphessobrycon amapaensis）、诺提达诺斯魮脂鲤（Hyphessobrycon notidanos）。（在此，我想就我的水族箱中不恰当地混养了阿马帕魮脂鲤和诺提达诺斯魮脂鲤一事致歉，这两种鱼并非我所试图还原的生物群落原生种。作为一名灯鱼爱好者，我致力于收集自己欣赏的物种，然而其中一些物种在自然界中并不分布于同一生物群落。阿马帕魮脂鲤原产于巴西的阿马帕州，而诺提达诺斯魮脂鲤则原产于塔巴若斯河流域。我原本计划在拍摄前将它们移出，但最终放弃了这一想法，因为我不愿打扰它们在此水域中的舒适生活，也不愿引起其他鱼类的恐慌。）

List of plants: a small amount of moss on top of the wood stretching out of water
植物清单：少量苔藓附着在伸出水面的沉木上
Description of decorations: I used bags of small volcanic rocks as the bed of this aquarium, above which, I covered with white and beige river sand. In order to simulate the blackwater environment, I used oak tree leaves and alder cones as riverbed substrate, as well as some broken twigs. In addition, I laid a thin layer of peat between the tree leaves and sand. I picked some straight woods with branches to replicate shorter submerged trees while thick bare trunks as chopped trunks. Dry twigs laid at the bottom vertically are mimics of new plants just sprout but drowned by the flood. Decayed tree leaves and gaps between large woods at the bottom provide perfect foods and shelters for dwarf cichlids.
装饰描述：我以袋装的小块火山岩作为鱼缸底床，其上覆盖白色与米色河沙。为模拟黑水环境，我使用橡树叶和桤木果作为河床基质，并添加了一些断枝。此外，我在落叶层与沙层之间铺设了一层薄薄的泥炭。我挑选了一些带分枝的直形沉木，以模仿较短的淹没树木，而粗壮的无枝树干则用于表现被砍伐的树桩。垂直置于底部的干枯细枝，旨在模拟刚萌发即被洪水淹没的新生植物。底部腐烂的树叶以及大型沉木间的缝隙，为短鲷提供了理想的食物来源和庇护场所。

Description of equipment: one Eheim 2275 canister filter, LED 10W*2 4500K with dimming function to avoid sudden lighting up and shutting down
设备描述：一台伊罕（Eheim）2275 外置过滤桶；两盏 10W、色温 4500K 的 LED 灯，具备调光功能，以避免灯光突然开启或关闭
Water parameters: pH 6.4, gH 3, temp. 25℃
水质参数：pH 6.4，gH 3，温度 25℃

INFORMATION ABOUT BIOTOPE
关于生物群落的信息

Description of the area surrounding the biotope: Demini river is a river in the Amazon rainforest of the state of Amazonas, Brazil. It is a northern tributary of the Rio Negro and joins the latter near Barcelos,. The Demini River is originated in the Serra do Araca State Park, with an area of approx. 1,820,000 hectares of catchment. As one major tributary of Rio Negro, Rio Demini has a lot of slow streams flowing through the rainforest. The whole catchment in both Rio Negro and Rio Demini is covered by thick vegetation, which makes the color of water brownish due to fallen tree leaves.
生物群落周边区域描述：德米尼河是位于巴西亚马孙州亚马孙雨林中的一条河流。它是内格罗河北岸的一条支流，在巴瑟洛斯附近汇入内格罗河。德米尼河发源于阿拉卡山脉州立公园，其流域面积约为 182 万公顷。作为内格罗河的主要支流之一，德米尼河拥有众多流经雨林的缓流溪流。内格罗河与德米尼河的整个流域均被茂密的植被覆盖，落叶使水体呈现褐色。

Description of the underwater landscape of the biotope: The rivers and tributaries in the Negro basin are famous for the brownish coloration. Fallen leaves of vegetations along the rivers, tributaries and streams pile on the riverbed, which may reach as deep as more than 1 meter. Tannis and humics released out of the decomposed leaves turn the water into a color as strong tea (known as blackwater) and a low pH value. Due to the dark color, aquatic plants can be hardly found in these rivers and streams, making the water relatively poor in nutrition. In rainy season, excessive rainwater floods into the woods, submerging tree roots, tall arbor trunks and other shorter plants. Large area of water sometimes makes several smaller adjacent streams a larger interconnected flood pond. Aquarium creatures, such tetras, dwarf cichlids, etc., prey on small planktons, insects, insect larvae, decayed leaves and fruits falling in the water. Thick tree leaves, dense tree trunks and fallen branches provide perfect shelters for them. There is also a unique form of tetra living in the blackwater rivers, which are covered by a shining silver coat on their scales (their Latin names are usually followed by the suffix var.). They usually exist in a very small amount but many species have this unique mutation. Most of them are quite rare.
生物群落的水下景观描述：内格罗河流域的河流及其支流以褐色的水体而闻名。沿河、支流和溪流生长的植被落叶堆积在河床上，厚度可超过 1 米。落叶分解后释放出的单宁和腐殖酸使水体呈现如浓茶般的颜色（即所谓的“黑水”），并导致 pH 值偏低。由于水体颜色深暗，这些河流和溪流中几乎找不到水生植物，因此水质相对贫瘠。雨季时，大量雨水涌入林地，淹没树根、高大的乔木树干以及其他较矮的植物。大面积的积水有时会将几条相邻的小溪流连成一片相互贯通的洪泛池塘。水族生物，如脂鲤、短鲷等，以水中的小型浮游生物、昆虫、昆虫幼虫以及落入水中的腐烂叶片和果实为食。茂密的树叶、密集的树干和倒伏的枝条为它们提供了理想的庇护所。 在黑水河流中还生活着一种独特的脂鲤，其鳞片覆盖着一层闪亮的银色外衣（它们的拉丁学名通常带有后缀”var.”）。这类鱼的数量通常极少，但许多物种都拥有这种独特的变异，其中大多数相当稀有。

Description of the parameters of the habitat: There are significant differences in terms of water parameters in dry season and rainy season. In dry season (summer months in north hemisphere), due to the lack of rain water and heating weather, the water temperature can reach above 28℃ and pH would decrease to an extremely low level (around 4) since evaporation is much more than water supply. Meanwhile, the GH would rise as well. In rainy season, pouring rain water submerges the rainforest and dilutes the water ponds formed in dry season, which would rise the pH value to around 6.5. Rainwater is extremely soft and with very low conductivity and, lower temperature as well. These changes in water parameters stimulates fishes to swim around and spawn.
栖息地参数描述：旱季与雨季的水质参数存在显著差异。在旱季（北半球的夏季月份），由于降雨匮乏且天气炎热，水温可升至 28℃以上；同时，因蒸发量远大于补给量，pH 值会降至极低水平（约 4），总硬度（GH）也会随之升高。而在雨季，倾盆大雨淹没雨林，稀释了旱季形成的水塘，使 pH 值回升至约 6.5。雨水极度柔软，电导率极低，温度也较低。这些水质参数的变化会刺激鱼类游动并产卵。

List of fishes and invertebrates occurring in the nature biotope: Paracheirodon axelrodi, Nannostomus marginatus, Hyphessobrycon paepkei, Hyphessobrycon sp., Apistogramma sp., Pseudacanthicus cf., Cichla ocellaris
该自然生境中出现的鱼类和无脊椎动物名录：帕氏霓虹脂鲤（Paracheirodon axelrodi）、缘纹铅笔鱼（Nannostomus marginatus）、派氏魮脂鲤（Hyphessobrycon paepkei）、魮脂鲤属未定种（Hyphessobrycon sp.）、短鲷属未定种（Apistogramma sp.）、拟棘甲鲶近缘种（Pseudacanthicus cf.）、眼点丽鱼（Cichla ocellaris）。

List of plants found in the nature biotope: No aquatic plants except for flooded plants on land. Some parasite moss could be found on tree trunks due to the high humidity.
该自然生境中发现的植物名录：除陆地上的淹水植物外，无水生植物。由于湿度较高，可在树干上发现一些寄生苔藓。

Threats to the ecology: Deforestation (lumbering, burning down…) is a severe threat to native ecosystem. Such changes in the jungle could bury small streams, possibly cause extinction to some native species no matter aquatic or terrestrial or amphibious, re-route some sections of the river and pollute the water. Such impact on the environment will not only damage native ecosystem and change local climate. If we do nothing to save the jungle, more and more precious creatures will go extinction even some of them are never found and revealed before. What’s worse, these negative effects will finally cause impacts on ourselves.
对生态的威胁：森林砍伐（采伐、焚烧等）是对原生生态系统的严重威胁。丛林中的此类变化可能掩埋小型溪流，导致某些本土物种（无论是水生、陆生还是两栖物种）灭绝，改变部分河段的流向并污染水质。这种对环境的影响不仅会破坏原生生态系统并改变当地气候；若我们不采取行动拯救丛林，越来越多珍贵的生物将走向灭绝，其中甚至包括许多尚未被发现和记录的物种。更糟糕的是，这些负面影响最终将波及人类自身。