阿根廷巴拉那河附近的湿地原生缸造景 19年67名

Volume: 240 L  容积：240 升
Dimensions: 120х40х50 cm  尺寸：120х40х50 厘米
List of fishes: Crenicichla taikyra, Bujurquina vittata, Apistogramma commbrae, Hyphessobrycon eques, Aphyocharax anisitsi, Moenkhausia bonita, Hyphessobrycon elachys, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, Corydoras hastatus, Corydoras polystictus, Characidium zebra, Limnoperna fortunei (introduced by human), Macrobrachium sp., Pomacea canaliculata,
鱼类名录：克雷尼慈鲷（Crenicichla taikyra）、条纹布琼丽鱼（Bujurquina vittata）、康氏短鲷（Apistogramma commbrae）、红衣梦幻旗（Hyphessobrycon eques）、安氏细脂鲤（Aphyocharax anisitsi）、博尼塔魮脂鲤（Moenkhausia bonita）、小体魮脂鲤（Hyphessobrycon elachys）、黑裙鱼（Gymnocorymbus ternetzi）、迷你鼠鱼（Corydoras hastatus）、多斑鼠鱼（Corydoras polystictus）、斑马拟四须鲃（Characidium zebra）、福寿螺（Limnoperna fortunei，人为引入物种）、沼虾属（Macrobrachium sp.）、苹果螺（Pomacea canaliculata），

List of plants: Utricularia folios, Salvinia Biloba, Nymphoides indica
植物名录：狸藻（Utricularia folios）、槐叶萍（Salvinia Biloba）、荇菜（Nymphoides indica）
Description of decorations: Sandy bottom with small and middle sized rocks, some driftwood including dead branches of bambú collected from the biotope location.
装饰描述：沙质底床，点缀着小至中等尺寸的岩石，以及一些沉木，包括从原生地采集的枯死竹枝。
Description of equipment: Internal HMF with 1500l/h pum, 2 x 100W heater, 2 x T5 light tubes (36W)
设备描述：内置海绵过滤器（配 1500 升/小时水泵）、2 根 100 瓦加热棒、2 支 T5 灯管（36 瓦）。

Water parameters: Temperature = 23°, PH 7.0, KH 2.00, dGH 4.00
水质参数：温度 23℃，pH 7.0，KH 2.00，dGH 4.00。
Additional info: No water change in winter (only refill), in summer 30% weekly waterchange, lightening is from 8AM to 8PM.
补充信息：冬季不换水（仅补水），夏季每周换水 30%；照明时间为上午 8 点至晚上 8 点。

INFORMATION ABOUT BIOTOPE
关于生物群落的信息

Description of the area surrounding the biotope: The Paraná River is with its 4800 km of length one the most important fluvial in South America. Together with the Rio Iguazú and the Rio Paraguay they form a huge and unique water system. Among the Province of Misiones, the river runs from the north to the south and is the natural border to Paraguay. Hundreds of clear water creeks like the Pindapoy enter into the river and where the landscape is plane, natural wetlands and lagoons are created. One of these wetlands is the biotope described.
生物群落周边区域描述：巴拉那河全长 4800 公里，是南美洲最重要的河流之一。它与伊瓜苏河和巴拉圭河共同构成了一个庞大而独特的水系。在米西奥内斯省境内，该河自北向南流淌，构成与巴拉圭的天然边界。数百条清澈的小溪（如平达波伊溪）汇入其中；在地势平坦的区域，形成了天然的湿地和泻湖。本文所描述的生物群落便是其中之一。
The water is clear, the amount of small and middle sized fish is high. Some areas are up to 2 meters deep. Since the construction of several dams (Yacyretá, Itaipú to mention two) some areas are considered as “flooded” and you can see dead branches and trees of old forest inside the water. The bottom composition is varied from sand, reddish mud, small rocks and huge rocks. At some areas the water level does not reach more than 40 cm. The are is surrouded by native subtropical forest, planted pine-trees and natural grassland with bushes.
水质清澈，中小型鱼类数量丰富。部分区域水深可达 2 米。由于修建了多座水坝（例如亚西雷塔大坝和伊泰普大坝），一些区域被视为“淹没区”，水中可见古老森林的枯枝与倒木。河床组成多样，包括沙子、红褐色淤泥、小石块以及巨石。某些区域水深不超过 40 厘米。该区域四周环绕着原生亚热带森林、人工种植的松树林，以及长有灌木的天然草地。

Description of the underwater landscape of the biotope: The undwater landscape is a composition of sandy bottom with small and middle sized rocks where some fish can live, hide and spawn. There is a lot of dead wood and some driftwood. The deepness varies from 20 cm to 2 meters. Most of the water level is exposed to the sun light and allows plants and algeas to grow. Flooded forest (since the construciton of dams) creates a special underwater scape with huge sources of food for invertebrades and insects. They, on the other side, are a infinite source of food for small and middle sized fish.
生物群落的水下景观描述：水下景观由沙质底部和中小型岩石构成，为鱼类提供了栖息、躲藏和产卵的场所。这里有大量枯木和一些沉木。水深从 20 厘米到 2 米不等。大部分水域受阳光照射，有利于植物和藻类生长。被淹没的森林（自大坝建成以来）形成了独特的水下景观，为无脊椎动物和昆虫提供了丰富的食物来源；而这些生物反过来又为中小型鱼类提供了取之不尽的食物。

Description of the parameters of the habitat: The water is mostly transparent. After rain it can be some days turbish but the river takes all with it and the millions of molluscs are a permanent “filter”. The temperature depends on the season but the average should be around 22°. PH 7.2, dGH and KH are very low (not reching 5.00).
栖息地参数描述：水质大多透明。雨后可能会浑浊几天，但河流会将杂质冲走，而数以百万计的软体动物则充当了永久的“过滤器”。水温随季节变化，但平均应在 22°C 左右。pH 值为 7.2，dGH 和 KH 非常低（不超过 5.00）。

List of fishes and invertebrates occurring in the nature biotope: Crenicichla lepidota, Crenicichla vittata, Crenicichla taikyra, Crenicichla semifasciata, Cichlasoma dimerus, Bujurquina vittata, Gymnogeophagus balzanii, Geophagus sveni (introduced), Apistogramma commbrae, Corydoras hastatus, Corydoras polystictus, Hypostomus ternetzi, Loricaria sp., Microglanis carlae, Steindachnerina brevipinna, Apareiodon affinis, Characidium zebra, Pygocentrus nattereri, Serrasalmus maculatus, Hyphessobrycon anisitsi, Hyphessobrycon eques, Hyphessobrycon meridionalis, Psellogrammus kennedyi, Tetragonopterus argenteus, Hyphessobrycon elachys, Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro, Charax stenopterus, Pyrrhulina australis, Palaemonetes argentinus, Uncancylus sp, Chilina fluviatilis, Erodona mactroides, Zilchiopsis collastinensis, Trichodactylus borellianus, Limnoperma fortune (invasive)
自然生境中出现的鱼类和无脊椎动物名录：斑矛丽鱼（Crenicichla lepidota）、带纹矛丽鱼（Crenicichla vittata）、泰基拉矛丽鱼（Crenicichla taikyra）、半带矛丽鱼（Crenicichla semifasciata）、双斑慈鲷（Cichlasoma dimerus）、带纹布琼丽鱼（Bujurquina vittata）、巴尔赞拟土拨鱼（Gymnogeophagus balzanii）、斯文地理鱼（Geophagus sveni，引入种）、康氏矮丽鱼（Apistogramma commbrae）、哈氏兵鲶（Corydoras hastatus）、多斑兵鲶（Corydoras polystictus）、特氏下口鲶（Hypostomus ternetzi）、甲鲶属未定种（Loricaria sp.）、卡氏小油鲶（Microglanis carlae）、短鳍斯坦达赫纳鱼（Steindachnerina brevipinna）、近缘阿帕雷奥多恩鱼（Apareiodon affinis）、斑马琴脂鲤（Characidium zebra）、纳氏锯脂鲤（Pygocentrus nattereri）、斑点臀点脂鲤（Serrasalmus maculatus）、安氏魮脂鲤（Hyphessobrycon anisitsi）、马氏魮脂鲤（Hyphessobrycon eques）、南方魮脂鲤（Hyphessobrycon meridionalis）、肯氏伪唇鱼（Psellogrammus kennedyi）、银四角鱼（Tetragonopterus argenteus）、小型魮脂鲤（Hyphessobrycon elachys）、潘塔内罗长吻脂鲤（Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro）、窄翼炭鱼（Charax stenopterus）、南方珠母丽鱼（Pyrrhulina australis）、阿根廷米虾（Palaemonetes argentinus）、卷螺属未定种（Uncancylus sp）、河川扁蜷（Chilina fluviatilis）、马克特罗德氏蛤（Erodona mactroides）、科拉斯廷齐尔奇奥普斯蟹（Zilchiopsis collastinensis）、博雷利亚毛足蟹（Trichodactylus borellianus）、福氏淡水壳菜（Limnoperma fortune，入侵种）

List of plants found in the nature biotope: Pistia stratiotes, Eichhornia crassipes, Nymphoides indica, Salvinia biloba, Utricularia folios
自然生境中发现的植物名录：大薸（Pistia stratiotes）、凤眼莲（Eichhornia crassipes）、印度荇菜（Nymphoides indica）、二叶槐叶萍（Salvinia biloba）、叶状狸藻（Utricularia folios）

Threats to the ecology: As mentioned, important ecological aspects are the construction of hydroelectrical dams. They changed the entire system and destroyed important paths of migrating fish like Dorado (Salminus brasiliensis), Surubí (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) or Pacú (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Together with the impact of the global and regional climate change and the huge amount of human-produced waste, the entire system is pushed to its limits of survival. Unfortunately, the impact is irreversible.
生态面临的威胁：如前所述，重要的生态问题在于水电站大坝的建设。它们改变了整个生态系统，并破坏了多拉多鱼（Salminus brasiliensis）、苏鲁比鲶（Pseudoplatystoma corruscans）和帕库鱼（Piaractus mesopotamicus）等洄游鱼类的重要迁徙路径。加之全球与区域气候变化的影响以及人类产生的大量废弃物，整个生态系统已被推至生存的极限。不幸的是，这种影响是不可逆转的。