俄罗斯叶尼塞河阿巴坎支流边缘区的浅水地带原生缸造景 19年20名

Volume: 750 L  容积：750 升
Dimensions: 150х100х50 cm
尺寸：150×100×50 厘米
List of fishes: Leuciscus leuciscus
鱼类名录：雅罗鱼（Leuciscus leuciscus）
List of plants: Ceratiphylum demersum, Elodea canadensis, Potamogeten perfoliatus
植物列表：黑藻、加拿大水草、穿叶眼子菜
Description of decorations: In my aquarium, I used materials directly taken from this biotope. These are rounded river stones of various sizes, ranging from pebbles, with a fraction of 5-10 mm, ending with boulders of 40 cm or more. The roots of the trees, mainly poplar and willow. A small amount of sludge was also used as food for plants. Volcanic lava (fraction 10-40 mm) is used as a substrate to raise the level of soil.
装饰描述：在我的水族箱中，我直接使用了取自该生物群落的材料。这些是大小不一的圆形河石，从粒径 5-10 毫米的卵石，到直径 40 厘米或更大的巨石不等。还有树木的根系，主要是杨树和柳树。另少量使用淤泥作为植物的养分。火山岩（粒径 10-40 毫米）用作底床垫高材料。

Description of equipment: SAMP 380 l .:
设备描述：外置过滤系统 380 升：
Filter material (150 l.):
滤材（150 升）：
– Mechanical filtration – large and finely porous sponges;
– 机械过滤 – 大孔及细孔海绵；
– Biological filtration – Bioballs Noname, Eheim Substrat Pro, volcanic lava.
– 生物过滤 – 无名品牌生物球、伊罕（Eheim）Substrat Pro 滤材、火山岩。
Lifting pump – Eheim 1260, 2300 l / h.
提升泵 – 伊罕（Eheim）1260，流量 2300 升/小时。
An optional submersible mechanical filter is Unistar PowerHead 300-4L, 2000 l / h with a fine-porous foam sponge.
可选配的水下机械过滤器为 Unistar PowerHead 300-4L，流量 2000 升/小时，配备细孔泡沫海绵。
Heater with thermostat – Eheim Jager 300 W.
带恒温器的加热器 – Eheim Jager 300 W。
Lighting – Jazzway PFL-SC-50W 6500K floodlight.
照明 – Jazzway PFL-SC-50W 6500K 泛光灯。
Water parameters: Temperature – 28⁰С
水质参数：温度 – 28⁰С
pH – 7.0
gH – 6.0
Additional info: At the moment, the age of the aquarium is 2 months, there are no particular features of maintenance of this aquarium, only frequent trimming of long-stemmed fast-growing plants. The aquarium is stable, water changes 30-40% of the total volume 1 time per week. Fry of Leuciscus leuciscus very well eats frozen foods, such as small bloodworms and cyclops. Over the period of keeping, fry growth is noticeable.
补充信息：目前该水族箱已运行 2 个月，维护方面无特殊要求，仅需频繁修剪长茎快速生长的水草。水族箱状态稳定，每周换水一次，换水量为总水体的 30%–40%。雅罗鱼（Leuciscus leuciscus）的幼鱼非常喜食冷冻饵料，如小型红虫和剑水蚤。在饲养期间，幼鱼的生长情况显著。

INFORMATION ABOUT BIOTOPE
关于生物群落的信息

Description of the area surrounding the biotope: Yenisei is a river in Siberia, one of the longest and most full-flowing rivers of the world and Russia. It flows into the Kara Sea of ​​the Arctic Ocean. Length – 3487 km, catchment area – 2,580,000 km²., The natural border between Western and Eastern Siberia. The left bank of the Yenisei ends the great West Siberian plain, and the right bank represents the kingdom of the mountain taiga. From the Sayans to the Arctic Ocean, the Yenisei passes through all the climatic zones of Siberia. The Yenisei begins from the city of Kyzyl (the Republic of Tuva), where the Great Yenisei and Small Yenisei merge. The height of the source is 619.5 m above sea level. Yenisei in the area of ​​the cities of Krasnoyarsk, Divnogorsk, Sayanogorsk stopped freezing after the construction of the Krasnoyarsk and Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power stations. The extended ice-free part below Krasnoyarsk can be up to five hundred kilometers long. The climate became milder and the air more humid, thanks to the huge amount of water that accumulates in the Krasnoyarsk reservoir. The Abakan canal itself is located within the city of Krasnoyarsk, separating the Island of Rest (the second largest (after the Tatyshev Island) island on the Yenisei River in the city) from the right southern bank of the Yenisei. Rest Island is the warmest place in the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration. In the cold season after the creation of the reservoir, the average temperature of the winter months became 2.0-4.0 ° C higher, and in the summer months it decreased by 1.0-2.0 ° C on average. Warm water is discharged into the Abakan canal through the scattering outlet of direct-flow circulating water supply for the Krasnoyarsk CHP-2. What affects the water temperature in the channel itself – 28-30 ° C, in contrast to the temperature in the river. Yenisei, in which even in the hottest time of the year it does not warm up above 10⁰С. The formation of the low-temperature regime of the Yenisei river itself is affected by the cold waters of the Krasnoyarsk reservoir and is also influenced by numerous fast, small-length tributaries of the mountain and semi-mountain type, carrying cold water to the Yenisei. Back in the mid 70’s a dam was erected on the Abakan duct during the laying of the duker from the Krasnoyarsk CHP-2 on the left bank, which was put into operation in December 1979. Water from the Yenisei enters the channel through only one water supply system, which is constantly clogged with garbage. This is absolutely not enough to ensure that water does not silt there. Again, this also played a huge role in increasing the temperature in the duct due to the almost complete absence of flow in the duct due to the dam. But all these facts made it possible for this amazing biotope to be unusual for the Yenisei.
生物群落周边区域描述：叶尼塞河是西伯利亚的一条河流，为世界及俄罗斯最长、水量最丰沛的河流之一，最终注入北冰洋的喀拉海。其全长 3487 公里，流域面积达 2,580,000 平方公里，构成西西伯利亚与东西伯利亚的天然分界。叶尼塞河左岸终结于广袤的西西伯利亚平原，右岸则呈现山地泰加林的王国景象。从萨彦岭至北冰洋，叶尼塞河穿越了西伯利亚所有气候带。叶尼塞河发源于克孜勒市（图瓦共和国），由大叶尼塞河与小叶尼塞河汇流而成，源头海拔为 619.5 米。在克拉斯诺亚尔斯克、季夫诺戈尔斯克和萨扬诺戈尔斯克等城市河段，自克拉斯诺亚尔斯克水电站和萨扬 – 舒申斯克水电站建成后便不再封冻。克拉斯诺亚尔斯克以下的不冻河段可长达五百公里。由于克拉斯诺亚尔斯克水库蓄积了大量水体，当地气候趋于温和，空气湿度也显著增加。 阿巴坎运河本身位于克拉斯诺亚尔斯克市内，将休息岛（叶尼塞河上该市第二大岛屿，仅次于塔蒂舍夫岛）与叶尼塞河南岸分隔开来。休息岛是克拉斯诺亚尔斯克城市群中最温暖的地区。水库建成后的寒冷季节，冬季月平均气温升高了 2.0–4.0 °C，而夏季月平均气温则下降了 1.0–2.0 °C。来自克拉斯诺亚尔斯克第二热电厂的直流循环供水系统通过散射排放口将温水排入阿巴坎运河，这使得运河内的水温达到 28–30 °C，与叶尼塞河的水温形成鲜明对比——即使在一年中最炎热的时期，叶尼塞河的水温也从未超过 10 °C。叶尼塞河低温水文状况的形成，既受到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克水库冷水的影响，也受到众多流程短、流速快的山地及半山地型支流的制约，这些支流将冷水汇入叶尼塞河。 早在 20 世纪 70 年代中期，在从左岸克拉斯诺亚尔斯克第二热电厂铺设管道时，阿巴坎渠道上修建了一座水坝，该设施于 1979 年 12 月投入运行。叶尼塞河的水仅通过一个供水系统进入该渠道，而该系统不断被垃圾堵塞。这完全不足以防止渠道淤积。此外，由于水坝导致渠道内水流几乎完全停滞，这也极大地促使了渠道水温的升高。但正是这些因素，使得这一令人惊叹的生物群落成为叶尼塞河中一处独特的存在。

Description of the underwater landscape of the biotope: The length of the Abakan channel is about 5 km. Stony-pebble soils prevail in the channel, occupying up to 95% of the total area of ​​the bottom of the channel, in the coastal zone there are short-circuited zones. Water level is stable (1988 and 2006 flood exceptions). Due to the practically absent current, high temperature, and high nutrient content, there are abundant algal fouling on the substrate and abundant thickets of aquatic long-stemmed plants, which gave home and shelter to a huge number of fry, including Leuciscus leuciscus. A feature of this biotope is that it is dominated by invasive species of aquatic plants, native to North and South America (such as Ceratophylum demersum, Myriophyllum cf. aquaticum “Red Stem”, Elodea Canadensis, Egeria densa) and Africa (Pistia stratiotes). The only species of aquatic plants that are characteristic of the Yenisei River Basin is Potamogeten perfoliatus.
生物群落的水下景观描述：阿巴坎河道全长约 5 公里。河道内以石砾质底质为主，占河床总面积的 95%，沿岸区域则分布有短回路区。水位稳定（1988 年和 2006 年洪水除外）。由于水流几乎停滞、水温较高且营养物质丰富，基质上藻类附着物繁盛，水生挺水植物形成茂密丛簇，为大量鱼苗（包括雅罗鱼 Leuciscus leuciscus）提供了栖息与庇护场所。该生物群落的显著特征是其优势水生植物均为入侵物种，原产于北美和南美（如金鱼藻 Ceratophyllum demersum、红茎狐尾藻 Myriophyllum cf. aquaticum”Red Stem”、加拿大水蕴草 Elodea canadensis、密集水蕴草 Egeria densa）以及非洲（如水葫芦 Pistia stratiotes）。唯一属于叶尼塞河流域本土特征的水生植物物种是穿叶眼子菜 Potamogeton perfoliatus。

Description of the parameters of the habitat: The transparency of water in the hot summer period does not exceed one meter. Due to the presence of a dam, which significantly reduced the flow and year-round discharge of warm water from CHP-2, the temperature in the duct during the summer period is about 28-30 ° C, and at the discharge itself, even in winter the water does not drop below 14-15 ° C. pH 7.5; gH-8.0.
栖息地参数描述：在炎热的夏季，水体透明度不超过一米。由于大坝的存在显著减少了水流，且第二热电厂全年排放温水，使得夏季渠道内的水温约为 28-30 °C，而在排放口处，即使在冬季水温也不会低于 14-15 °C。pH 值为 7.5；gH 为 8.0。

List of fishes and invertebrates occurring in the nature biotope: Abramis brama
自然生物群落中出现的鱼类和无脊椎动物名录：Abramis brama
Carassius carassius  鲫鱼
Perca fluviatilis  河鲈
Cyprinus carpio
Gymnocephalus cernuus
Rutilus rutilus lacustris
湖拟鲤
Esox lucius  黑斑狗鱼
Leuciscus leuciscus  雅罗鱼

List of plants found in the nature biotope: Ceratophylum demersum
自然生境中发现的植物列表：金鱼藻
Myriophyllum cf. aquaticum “Red Stem”
狐尾藻近似种“红茎”
Potamogeten perfoliatus  穿叶眼子菜
Elodea Canadensis  加拿大伊乐藻
Egeria densa  巴西水蕴草
Pistia stratiotes  大薸

Threats to the ecology: The very presence of this, although interesting biotope in the Abakan canal, in fact, is a great environmental disaster. This is the result of often unreasoned human actions: starting with elementary carelessness and irresponsibility – people resting on the banks of the Abakan canal leave mountains of garbage after themselves (due to aesthetic considerations, they were not used in the design of the aquarium, such elements inherent in this biotope as cigarette packs and cigarette butts, beer cans and bottles, disposable barbecues and disposable tableware and other related elements of “outdoor enthusiasts”
生态威胁：尽管叶尼塞河阿巴坎渠道中的这一生物群落颇具趣味，但其存在本身实则是一场巨大的环境灾难。这往往是人类缺乏理性行为所致：从最基本的疏忽与不负责任开始——在阿巴坎渠道岸边休憩的人们留下了堆积如山的垃圾（出于美学考量，水族箱设计中并未采用该生物群落中固有的元素，如香烟盒与烟蒂、啤酒罐与酒瓶、一次性烧烤架与一次性餐具，以及其他“户外爱好者”相关物品）。