墨西哥乌兰登帕茨夸罗湖沿岸杜氏钝口螈栖息地原生缸造景 19年第10名

Volume: 324 L  水体容积：324 升
Dimensions: 120 X 60 X 45 cm.
尺寸：120 × 60 × 45 厘米
List of fishes: Ambystoma dumerilii (endemic), Physa sp., and Cambarellus patzcuarensis (endemic, It is used as food).
鱼类名录：杜氏钝口螈（特有物种）、膀胱螺属（Physa sp.）以及帕茨夸罗湖侏儒螯虾（特有物种，用作食物）。
List of plants: Sagittaria macrophylla (endemic), Hydrocotyle ranunculoides, Egeria densa, Nymphaea mexicana, Ludwigia peploides, Leersia hexandra, Eichhornia crassipes, Berula erecta and Lemna sp..
植物列表：大叶慈姑（特有种）、水葫芦、伊乐藻、墨西哥睡莲、匍匐丁香蓼、六雄蕊稻槎菜、凤眼蓝、直立水芹以及浮萍属物种。

Description of decorations: Through rocks with rounded edges, natural substrate mix of sand and mud, leaves, seeds, some fallen branches (all this extracted from the habitat of areas where the environment impact was minimal) and driftwood that look very similar to that found in the biotope; the recreation of the riverside of the lake was realized, was performed based on where some tree roots grow.
装饰描述：采用边缘圆润的岩石，天然底质为沙与泥的混合物，并搭配落叶、种子及部分倒伏枝条（所有材料均取自受环境影响极小的栖息地区域），同时使用与原生生物群落极为相似的沉木；湖岸景观的复原以树木根系生长的实际位置为依据进行构建。

Description of equipment: Basket filter BOYU EF45, with flow capacity of 1100 liters / hour although it is regulated to 350 liters / hour approximately, it uses 3 different thicknesses of sponge as Azoo mechanical filter and 2 liters of Matrix Seachem brand for the filter biological. The lighting consists of 3 IUSA brand reflectors of 4500 lumens each at a temperature of 6500° K. No equipment is used to regulate the temperature.
设备描述：BOYU EF45 型篮式过滤器，标称流量为每小时 1100 升，实际调节至约每小时 350 升；过滤系统包含三种不同厚度的海绵（作为 Azoo 机械滤材）及 2 升 Seachem 品牌的 Matrix 生物滤材。照明由三盏 IUSA 品牌反射灯组成，每盏光通量为 4500 流明，色温 6500K。未配备任何水温调控设备。
Water parameters: The parameters were measured by PRO JBL Scan, Nitrate (NO3): 10 mg / l, Nitrite (N02): 0 mg / l, Total hardness (GH):> 4 d °, Carbonate hardness (KH): 15 d ° , PH: 7.6 and water the temperature ranges between 18° and 21°C.
水质参数：使用 PRO JBL Scan 测量，硝酸盐（NO3）为 10 mg/l，亚硝酸盐（NO2）为 0 mg/l，总硬度（GH）> 4 d°，碳酸盐硬度（KH）为 15 d°，pH 值为 7.6，水温介于 18°至 21°C 之间。
Additional info: Cambarellus patzcuarensis is used as food, but due to the disposition of the biotope aquarium assembly, it has adapted and even increased in number. Because the feeding of A. dumerilii is done through a diet of live foods (Cambarellus patzcuarensis, Dafnia sp., Eisenia foetida, Tbifex sp. And Lumbriculus variegatus), partial changes of 33% are made every 15 days.
补充信息：帕茨夸罗湖螯虾（Cambarellus patzcuarensis）原本用作食物，但由于生物缸的布置方式，它们已适应环境甚至数量有所增加。由于杜氏钝口螈（A. dumerilii）的喂食采用活饵饮食（包括帕茨夸罗湖螯虾、水蚤属（Dafnia sp.）、赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia foetida）、颤蚓属（Tbifex sp.）和变正颤蚓（Lumbriculus variegatus）），因此每 15 天进行一次 33% 的部分换水。

INFORMATION ABOUT BIOTOPE
关于生物群落的信息

Description of the area surrounding the biotope: Pátzcuaro lake has a surface area of 260 km2 of which 111 km2 belong to the mirror of the lake covering 4 regions: Erongarícuaro, Quiroga, Pátzcuaro and Tzintzuntzan all of them belonging to the state of Michoacán, Mexico, with a length of 55 km and width of 34 km, the lake basin provides a humid temperate climate with rains in summer; the average annual temperature is 14-20 ° C, has an average depth of 5 m being its deepest part of 8m. At coordinates 19 ° 32’27.3 “N 101 ° 38’25.1” W is the Uranden pier which meets a crystalline water reservoir surrounded by several Quercus rugosa and Quercus alguns. Most of the soil is used for cultivation of vegetables and the raising of cattle, a few meters from the pier there are some houses and buildings of the inhabitants, on the shore of the lake you can see several wooden boats that the locals use for transportation to the island where most them live.
生物群落周边区域描述：帕茨夸罗湖总面积为 260 平方公里，其中湖面面积为 111 平方公里，涵盖埃龙加里库阿罗、基罗加、帕茨夸罗和钦聪赞四个地区，均隶属于墨西哥米却肯州。该湖长 55 公里，宽 34 公里，湖区属湿润温带气候，夏季多雨；年平均气温为 14–20°C，平均水深 5 米，最深处达 8 米。在坐标北纬 19°32′27.3″、西经 101°38′25.1″处坐落着乌兰登码头，此处有一片清澈的水域，周围生长着多株网脉栎（Quercus rugosa）和一些其他栎树（Quercus spp.）。大部分土地用于蔬菜种植和牲畜养殖；距码头数米处可见当地居民的若干房屋与建筑。湖岸旁停泊着多艘木船，当地人常用这些船只前往岛上——大多数居民就居住在那里。

Description of the underwater landscape of the biotope: The bottom in general is a mixture of clay and very fine sand, rocks of different shapes, sizes and porosities, you can also see parts of pine seeds and decaying leaves, as well as branches that have fallen to the bottom, the lake’s riverside does not have steep slopes, with a máximum depth that does not exceed 1.5 meters, in some places you can see the roots of the trees that grow on the shore as well as some marshy plants.
生物群落水下景观描述：底部总体由黏土和极细的沙混合而成，散布着形状、大小和孔隙度各异的岩石；还可见松子残片、腐烂的叶片以及沉入水底的树枝。湖岸坡度平缓，最大水深不超过 1.5 米；在某些区域，可以看到岸边树木的根系以及一些沼泽植物。

Description of the parameters of the habitat: The parameters were measured by PRO JBL Scan, Nitrate (NO3): 10 mg / l, Nitrite (N02): .25 mg / l, Total hardness (GH):> 4 d °, Carbonate hardness (KH): 20 d ° , PH: 7.8 and the water temperature ranges between 18° and 23°C.
栖息地参数描述：各项参数使用 PRO JBL Scan 测定：硝酸盐（NO3）10 mg/L，亚硝酸盐（NO2）0.25 mg/L，总硬度（GH）> 4 d°，碳酸盐硬度（KH）20 d°，pH 值 7.8，水温介于 18°C 至 23°C 之间。

List of fishes and invertebrates occurring in the nature biotope: Cambarellus patzcuarensis, Allophorus robustus, Skiffia lermae, Allotoca vivípara, Goodea atripinnis, Chirostoma grandocule, Chirostoma patzcuaro, Chirostoma bartoni, Chirostoma estor, Algansea lacustris, Ctenopharingodon idellus, Cyprinus specularis, Tilapia melanopleura, Micropterus salmoides, Physa sp. and Ambystoma dumerilii.
自然生物群落中出现的鱼类和无脊椎动物名录：Cambarellus patzcuarensis、Allophorus robustus、Skiffia lermae、Allotoca vivípara、Goodea atripinnis、Chirostoma grandocule、Chirostoma patzcuaro、Chirostoma bartoni、Chirostoma estor、Algansea lacustris、Ctenopharingodon idellus、Cyprinus specularis、Tilapia melanopleura、Micropterus salmoides、Physa sp. 以及 Ambystoma dumerilii。

List of plants found in the nature biotope: Sagittaria macrophylla (endemic), Hydrocotyle ranunculoides, Egeria densa, Nymphaea mexicana, Ludwigia peploides, Leersia hexandra, Eichhornia crassipes and Berula erecta, Lemna sp, Typha domingensis, Schoenoplectus californicus and Arundo donax.
自然生物群落中发现的植物列表：大叶慈姑（特有物种）、南美天胡荽、伊乐藻、墨西哥睡莲、匍匐丁香蓼、六蕊假稻、凤眼蓝和直立水芹、浮萍属、香蒲、加利福尼亚藨草以及芦竹。

Threats to the ecology: The lake of Pátzcuaro and its surroundings present a number of spaces with tourist attractions, since it is here where much of what remains of the Purépecha culture is housed, for many years the resources it offers have been exploited in an uncontrolled way, including its surroundings, causing the lake’s health to strongly deteriorate; the uncontrolled contribution of organic matter, the introduction of exotic plants such as Eichhornia crassipes which is a plant that can completely cover the surface of the water and prevent the exchange of gases and the passage of the Sun, the introduccion of at least five species of exotic fish, pollution through solid waste such as plastics, tires, glass that reach the lake through the sewage system, the population growth and the increase in human activities such as agriculture, cattle raising and non-responsible tourism are some of the reasons why the lake is in decline and, although there have been strong national and foreign investments to help rescue the lake, little has been solved. In spite of all these factors against Ambystoma Dumerilii (Achoque), it has persisted, although some researchers had considered it extinct in their natural habitat, in the present year they have found a population of at least 15 specimens, although the inhabitants of the lake shore mention that it has never been extinguished but instead its population has drastically declined. Given the conditions in which this species is found, this biotope aquarium was made in order to publicize this species, so particular and endemic to the world.
生态面临的威胁：帕茨夸罗湖及其周边地区拥有多处旅游景点，因为这里保存着大量普雷佩查文化的遗迹。多年来，该湖及其周边资源遭到无节制开发，导致湖泊健康状况严重恶化。有机物的无序输入、外来植物（如凤眼莲）的引入——这种植物能完全覆盖水面，阻碍气体交换并阻挡阳光——以及至少五种外来鱼类的引进，都是重要原因。此外，塑料、轮胎、玻璃等固体废弃物通过污水系统进入湖泊造成污染，人口增长以及农业、畜牧业和不负责任的旅游业等人类活动的增加，也是导致湖泊衰退的部分原因。尽管已有大量国内外投资用于拯救该湖，但问题仍未得到根本解决。 尽管存在诸多对杜氏钝口螈（当地称”achoque”）不利的因素，该物种依然存续。虽然一些研究人员曾认为其在自然栖息地已灭绝，但在今年仍发现了至少 15 个个体的种群；而湖畔居民则表示，该物种从未真正消失，只是其种群数量急剧下降。鉴于该物种目前的生存状况，我们构建了这一生物缸水族箱，旨在向公众宣传这一独特且为世界所特有的物种。